Tongkhohao Khongsai,Former Editor,CHENNAGAM
Manipur gam hi 1891 kum chun British khutnoi ah ahung um pan in, ahi’nla phaicham kivaipohna chu Manipur Darbar ana pehdoh vang un, thinglhang gam chu amaho vaipohna noi ah ana koi uvin ahi. Kivaipohna phatah le kituptah a achelhah theina ding in Manipur thinglhang gam jouse chu sub-division ni in ana khen uvin, khat chu North-east atiu vin, chule anina chu South-east ana hisah uvin ahi. North-east in ahop chu Ukhrul gamkai se le Mao-Maram changei ana hi’n, chule South-east chun Tamenglong le Churachandpur gamkai ana hop in ahi.
Hiche phadlai chun transport & communication ana hoi po’n, thinglhang gam jouse a kituptah a vaipoh ding ana hahsat jeh chun 1833 kum chun J.C. Higgins (chulai a British Political Agent) in sub-division khat ana sembe’n Sadar ana sah in ahi. Sadar chu Urdu pao ahi’n, headquarter tina ahi. Hiche Sadar sub-division in ahop chu phai (Imphal) a pat nikhat a lhunnathei thinglhang gam jouse chu anahi. Manipur chu Indian Union a lahlud ahung hi phad in chulai a Chief Commissioner Hemat Singh in 1951 kum chun Sadar sub-division headquarter di’n Kangpokpi ana hisah tai.
1947 kum a India in zalenna ahin mu chun Northeastern Region a um nam tamtah, pao le chondan kibanglouho hi Kol-le-vaiho’n a zalennau lahpeh a achung uva aning-anop uva avaihomkhum diu venna in Indian Parliament in Bordoloi Commission ana phutdoh in, hiche Commission Recommendation dungjui chun 1952 chun Special Provision for Assam State ti’n Sixth Schedule for the Protection of Tribals passed ana bol tauve.
Assam gamsung a Mizo(Lushai), Garo, Khasi & Jaintia, North Cachar le Mikir Hills ho’n hiche provision chu ana dei jeh un Autonomous District Council ahin nei tauve. Ahi’nla chulai a Assam gam a Tribal dangho – Naga Hills, Manipur Hills, Bodo, etc kitiho’n hiche Council chu ana dei pouve.
India in zalenna amu nung kum 23 gei in Manipur chu Union Territory noi ah aum zing nalai e. 1970 vel a pat chun Manipur Political Parties ho’n state pilhing muna di’n kiphinna ahin nei zing tau vin ahileh Indian Govt. in zong Manipur UT dinmun chu dopshang a State pilhing a koi ding lunggel ahin nei ta’n ahi. Langkhat ah thinglhang gam a political leaderho’n zong thinglhang mite kivaipohna ding in District Council, Autonomy Power ahin del uvin ahi.
Ministry of Home Affairs in zong Manipur statehood peh masang ngei a agamsung 87% tobang a cheng 35% thinglhang miho dinmun suhtub masat ngai a ahed jeh in, 1971 chun Autonomous District Council Act noi ah Manipur thinglhang gam chu sub-division 6 – Manipur North, Manipur South, Manipur East, Manipur West, Tengnoupal le Sadar Hills in ahin homkhen tau vin ahi. 1972 chun Manipur in statehood ahin mu ta’n, chutoh kilhon chun sub-division 6 chu Sadar sub-division tailou adangse revenue district khat cheh ahung hi tauve.
Vangsed umtah le suhmilthei-hawilou khat chu North District semtoh ding tohgon aumlai chun government vaipoho chun Kangpokpi hi north district headquarter ding a propose ana bol masatpenu ahi. Ahi’nla chulai a Kuki haosaho chun khonung ding ana muphahlou jeh un government in gam alahna ding munho chu compensation ana thum uvin ahi. Aban in Saparmeina ding in propose ana bol kit un, compensation duchadna jeh mama’n ana hithei kit tapoi. Chuphad in Nagate’n “gam compensation thum pou ving e, chule inn sahna ding in zong kithopiu ving e” tia ana thum jeh un Govt. in north district headquarter chu Senapati ana hisah tau vin ahi.
Sub-division jouse revenue district ahung hi uva, asung a chengho’n aphatchompi danu i hin mudoh phad un, Sadar sub-division zong revenue district a semdoh ding tupna’n i hung kithahpat uvin kum 36 nung in zong muphah in aum hihlai e. Aphad laitah a thil akibol lou leh khonung a semphat ahahsat dan kihilna ding a simmun phatah ahije. Phad chesa koukit theilou hita zong leh lunglhadai louva, tunia nampi’n ipi angaichad a, pan iti lahkhom a chule ahunglhung ding phadho le boinaho iti kimaitopi ding ham ti ngaito pum a mit-hah keova i um diu akiphamo tai.
Manipur govt. in nuno cha bang a ei bol jeh un, 1990 kumbul lam a pat chun Manipur thinglhang gam a Sixth Schedule umsah tei ding tupna in district tin a kon in lamkaiho’n state level in Sixth Schedule Demand Committee, Manipur ahin phutdoh tau vin ahi. Hiche hung kiphudoh lona pentah chu ahileh North Eastern India Reorganisation Act, 1972 dungjui a 1973 kum a Manipur thinglhang gam district council 6 (north, south, east, west, Tengnoupal le Sadar sub-division) sung a MDC election masapen ana um chu MDC term 2 kichai nung a Manipur govt. in District Council thaneina ana suhbei jeh ahi.
Sixth Schedule hi dei umlheh zong leh aphatmona chu Nagate toh thuneina i hung kichu diu ahi. Meijinlung Kamson in MP ahilai chun Manipur a Sixth Schedule hi Council khatbou bol ding in Centre ah memorandum ana pe’n ahi. Chule Chief Minister Rishang Keishing in Prof. Gangumei Commission ana phutdoh in District Council 4 le Regional Council 2 semdoh ding in Ministry of Home Affairs ah State Govt. recommendation ana bol kit in ahi.
Sixth Schedule kimu leh Sixth Schedule Provision noi a thinglhang gam vettup hung hi ding, State le Central Fund council khut a hung lud ding, old age pension le Indira Awaaz Yojana noi a vaichaho inn sahpehna ding zong sum kimu ding ti i hed jeh uva i dei-u ahije. Ahi’nla hiche jouse sang a gamcheng a phajo ding chu Gamtum (Zalengam/Kukiland) i nei diu hi ahi. Vannoi a hi Kukite’n gam khatbeh i nei diu hi poimo ahi’n, hichena ding a chu alen-aneo, ahao-avai, houlamkai le politician jouse’n bidoi mun khat i nei diu angai tai. Mi noi a i sod um behseh tah jeh uva eima kivaipohna (self-government) le chamlhat nop ding dan i geldoh theilouvu ahitai. Ihmut a kon khah phad ahitai.
British le France kidou khohlai chun Britishte’n ipu-ipateu chu kidouna mun a podpo a sol ding in thupeh ana nei un ahileh ana noplou jeh un Kuki Rising 1917-19 (Kuki War of Independence) anaso lo’n ahi. Britishte toh ina kidou jeh un hesoh-gentheina seijoulou – kiel le chah, nat le sat, thi le man, inn le lou tamtah suhmang in ana um in, kho 86 halmang in ana um in ahi.
Hichangei a ipu-ipateu vin chamlhat deina jeh a kum 3 gal anadou uva chule World War – II a INA toh zalen galsadna a pan ana lahkhomnau chu 1947 kum a India in chamlhat ahin mu phad in Kukite panlahna chu lekhabu neocha a zong jihlud in aum po’n ahi. Ahi’nla imacha hilou 1857 kum a Kol sepai phabep in meichang (cartridge) a vohthao/bongthao kinu thamnomlou jeh a ana kiphinnau chu India chamlhat gal khat in asim un, loupitah in abol un ahi. Chule gulpi hou milong numei Gaidinliu in gulpi neh ding a British sepai phabep ana tha chu Prof. Gangumei Kamei in joulenaal a India chamlhat galsat dan a asut leh mithupitah asohdoh ta’n ahi. Eiho thusim vang semthu panglouva adih mongmong ahi’n, khatvei leh thudih chu hung goljou tei ding ahi.
Politics lam a mit-hah masa Nagate chun Laijang khopi District Headquarters chu Tamenglong ah achonlud un, Phaisat chu 1960 in Rishang Keishing MP ahilai chun Phungyar in akhel in, Chahsat District Headquarters chu Ukhrul ah achonlud in, Chahsat zong chu Kamzong in akhel tai.
Tengnoupal District Headquarter chu 1974 kum in Chief Minister Rishang Keishing le H.T. Thungam in Chandel mun ah ana chonlud lhon in, Kukiho le (old) Kukiho chu akivetda teina diu vin ana khen uvin, Chandel District in aminvo kit uvin ahi. Hiche jouva pat chun Chandel District sung a (old) Kukiho chu Tangkhul-Nagaho’n atilse uvin, joulenal in akinepsah un, meipum toh suto’n Naga ana pomsah uvin, Kuki le Kuki eina kidousah un ahi. Chuche bep hilou vin Lamka lang a sopi phabep lah a zong muchi phalou ana tu uvin, ‘Kuki ka hi pouve’ ti’n thuso ana bolsah uvin ahi.
Hiche kahlah a chun NSCN(IM)ho’n mi 900 val ei that kit un, 40000 tobang chenna-gena neilou vin mi liim bel in i um un ahi. Hitobang tah a Nampi dinmun alhahniem pedtah chun, mi tamtah in Kuki kiti ding jeng zong jachadna’n anagel uvin, tamtah in ana jamsan uvin ahi. Ahi’nla nampi dinmun hi alhaniem e, tia donlouva jamsan jeng lou lamkai tomngai phabep tompan jal in amangthah deh poi.
Mi’n Kuki a kiloikhomna adalhah a namdang abel leh datmo ding ahipoi. Tulai hi mi’n kihinsona ding le phatchomna dia ahad le aboltheithei abel mong ahi. October 4, 1957 chun Russiate’n Rocket masapen Sputnik-I, leised velkol ding a ana kapdoh lai chun Indiate chu ‘Khaini iti kibol leh tui ding ham’ ti bou ngaito nalai ahiuve. Ahi’nla Russia chu chulai a aboltheipen ahinau toh kilhon chun Indiate’n zong kinepna lentah neipum in ana kipelud tau vin ahi. Ahi’nla Russia ahung kezah a US ahung had phad in vannoi in USte chu ‘hepu, hepu’ ahin ti kit tau vin ahi.
August 2001 chun Zomi Council Chairman Pu L.B. Sona le Secretary Pu M. Lamboi in Manipur a development fund alhunna ding lhunglouva akiheikoi zing lunglhailou hedsahna le Zomiho political autonomy peh ding ngehna’n chulai a Union Home Minister L.K. Advani aga kimupi lhon in ahi. Zomi lamkai teni chun 1978 lai chun Manipur Zomi nam 22 chenna hopsung chu Union Territory pehna di’n chulai a Prime Minister Morarji Desai kom ah ngehna akinei in, 1980 in zong Zomiho ding Union Territory ngehna chu Prime Minister Indira Gandhi kom ah memorandum ana kipe kit in ahi. 1984 chun zong Zomi National Congress min in Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi kom ah Zogam Union Territory ana kingeh kit in, 1987 chun Manipur a Tribal chenna jouse a Sixth Schedule umsahnsa di’n memorandum ana kipe’n, 1990 chun Zomi Democratic Front le United Tribal Organisation in Sixth Schedule Demand Committee ana kiphutdoh in, hiche a kon chun phadtin in memorandum akipe zing in, nahsah in ei kinei pouve, ti’n ahedsah lhon in ahi. Ahi’nla L.K. Advani chun “Zomi ka hekha poi, K. Padmanabhaiah toh kihou un” ti’n ana seipeh in ahi.
Nomenclature ijad kithahsem hen lang, min ngeingei kisah zong leu hen, Kuki tailou ei gomkhom thei diu min dang aum poi. Vannoi in zong ei hednau min ahi’n, i phungvuh uva ahileh ga tamtah ahin sodoh ding ahije. Kuki Inpi Constitution hi phatah a akijui leh kivaipoh dan hung kitup ding, iham ti’n gamtum muna ding hung nailam thut taleh, kivaipoh dan themsa i hi diu, khel ding le semphat ding tam talou ding ahi.
Mi’n Kuki a kiloikhomna adalhah leh i pona uvin ahi. Ahi’nla achung a kisunho jeh a hi koima’n Kukite chung a kinepna aneilou ahi. Ama le ama zong kihuh joulou chu ko’nba abel teitei a, thilpha chan ding kinepna anei mong ding ham! Gamleng a na che chu sa na hin poh leh miho chu ‘hung uvo’ tia kou ngailou ahi. Amavang sa na hin lhutlou leh ipi ahung kihol diu ham?
KNO in hangsan tah a ‘Kuki ah hung kinungle kit tau vin, Naga thingnoimiho khut a kon in na huh nau ving e’ tia agol jeh un, Chandel gamkai a Naga ana kisohsa i sopihou chun alunggelu ahin khel pan un, 1997 Moreh Kut chun ahung lha pan tau vin, ahi’nla anunglhun un NSCN(IM) ho’n jep-etin ajep un ahi. Khoibu le Maringho’n December 2007 chun ‘Keiho zong Kuki ka hi bou uve’ ti’n ahin phongdoh tau vin, chutoh kilhon chun underground organisation United Old Kuki Liberation Army kitiho’n KNO anabel tauve.
Chuin amaho banzom in November 2008 chun PAKAN ARMY kiti Anal, Moyon-Monshang, Chothe, Tarao le Lamkang kiloikhomna chun zong KNO ahin bel kit uvin, hiche toh kilhon chun Chandel District a um jouse Kuki ahi tauve. Chule Churachandpur a tribe 7 in zong KNO a kiloikhomna apom tauve.
Underground organisationho’n Kuki a kiloikhomna hin bel zong leu, amipi lungsung hi minloulai ahi jeh in, Kuki civil societies ho’n ipi bol a namdet loi ding ham ti hi i gel cheh diu vin dei aum in ahi. Kuki na hi tauve tia dominate bol ding vang hipo’n tin, kiphalam louva i lah uva alhat theina diuva kipapina khat bol ding aphai. I sopiu sodtah gammang hung kilekit chu chapa vahmangpa bang a chu liemna le lopna bolpeh a kilom ahi. Chutileh ka sopite hin ei ngailu mong nauve ti ahedchet uva, lungmong ding ahiuve. NSCN(IM)ho’n hunam a Naga ana sosah-u chu hatah a i lainatpiu ahi’n, ahung kinungle uva ‘Kuki ka hiuve’ ahin tithei kit uva ahileh, hachangpa i kipapi lou diu ham?
Nampi dinmun a hi khat in thilpha ahin boldoh leh kipapi a kitosotto angai in ahi. Chandel District a i sopihou vin KNO abel tah uva ahileh Kuki sung a kiloikhomna dangdang – Kuki Inpi, Kuki Women, Kuki Movement for Human Rights, KSO, Houbung chule mimal cheh in namdetna i bol diu ahi. Pu T. Lunkim in Kuki Inpi le Kuki Movement for Human Rights a pan ana lah tillai chun mi tamtah in “itia nang houlamkai hitobangho a hi na kisahlel ham?” ti’n ana oimobol thim uvin ahi.
India in chamlhat ana del lai a miho lungsung suthoupen chu houlamkaiho – Swami Vivekanand, Swami Dayanand le Raja Ram Mohan Roy ahiuve. Amaho panlahna jal a chu milen-milal tamtah in chamlhat delna chu ahin tosot panu ahije. Kuki Inpi, KSO le Houbung in pan i lahkhom diu akiphamo tai.
Houbung pilhing (KCC, KBC, ECA, etc) kitiho hin ahithei leh amun amun ah shool phutdoh-u hen lang, Pathen thu toh kikot in chapangho khoukhah leu, chihna jengseh hilouva umchan-khanchan le huhhingna akimu uva, missionary field phatah ahung hi ding ginchad aum in ahi. Catholic houbung umlouna munho a bon a school hou alolhin thei leh, imi-isa lah a chu i lolhin tei diu ahi. Eiho lah a school tamtah alolhin theilouna hi mimal in abol jeh ahi’n, alunglud laise leh achehoi vang a alungludlou teng leh thidoh ji ahitai. Society in abolho vang lhasam theilou ahi.
Mi masa Pu Ngulhao Thomsong in 1920s lai a Anal-Kukiho lah ah Pathen na anatoh chu aban zomtheina ding phad ahunglhung ta’n, Tangkhul missionary ho’n kivetdana muchi anatuu chu i suhmang diu angai e. October 19, 2008 ni chun Anal ho’n Holy Bible masapen release abol uvin, ahi’nla akiloikhomnau min a Anal-Naga Baptist Association atiu chu lainat aum lheh e.
Thil ijakai in phad anei cheh e (Ecc. 3:1-8)
Pen phad aum in, thi phad aum e
Thing phu phad aum in, bodoh phad aum e
Tha phad aum in, boldam phad aum e
Phedlhah phad aum in, sahdoh phad aum e
Ka phad aum in, nui phad zong aum e
Lunghem phad aum in, laam phad aum e
Song sethaang phad aum in, lokhom phad aum e
Kikoichah phad aum in, kilhakang phad aum e
Pon bo-eh phad aum in, khuibit phad aum e
Kilungsed phad aum in, kihod phad aum e
Gal kisad phad aum in, kicham phad aum e
State neisa i sopihou – Nagaland le Mizoram khu i vet leh gam ningchong a chengho jeng zong pucca road akhosung uva kilhunglud a, thinglhang khoho jeng zong langva inn pah thethu jeng ahi. Eiho hi agenthei ding mong le avai kumkho dia laitan zong i hi deh pou vin, Manipur govt. in donlou-dailouva ei koi uva, nuno cha bang a ei bol jeh uva genthei bou i hiuve.
Gam leised achul teltul ta’n, loulho a kihinsona ding ahahsa ta’n, thing-le-go zong tukal kum 20 jou leh i tuhchai diu dinmun ahitai. Manipur govt. zong moh mosah thei ahilouna chu Central govt. in sum ijad ahin peh vang a overdraft in kichaitih neilou, aneopen a pat alenpen chan in govt. sum nehdohna ding jeng ahol ahi’n, thinglhang mite’n hoilang koi deimo ba i kilah uva i ninglhin diu ham!
State khat a hin kumseh leh govt. a kon in tohmun ong asangsang aum zing in, chule govt. in scheme tamtahtah ape zing in, hijeh chun inchen-louchen akhangtou in ahi. India mite chu British vaihomna noi a aumlai un hamphatna chanvou achanlou jeh un gamphalailai le gamgasoh jouse Britishte kom ah akitundoh un, hijeh chun inchen-louchen lam ah hatah in alhasuh un, 1854-1901 sung chun kiel le chah jeh in mihem 29 million tobang anathiu vin ahi. Kukite’n zong gamtum i nei uva, i kiduodoh loi louvu leh hitobang dinmun chu gamlalou ahitai.
Mihem pun dungjui in sumlepai, nehlechah chule natohna ahung hahsa chehcheh ta’n, sumkolveina thei umsun Moreh (International Free Trade Centre) i nei-u hi Meilheite le Marwariho khut a kon a chan ding dan lungthim i nei diu angai e. Mijouse’n political consciousness i hin nei tengu leh Revolutionary movement hi hung had in tin, hung lamzang ding ahi.
Mitin in panlahna thei chan a pan i lah uva achehchaosa jouse hi i kaihoi kit diu ahi. Tam le lhom jeh a state neithei ding le neitheilou ding tia chomkhenna aum deh po’n, kilungtoh tah a pan i lahkhom uva i gamsungu hi India govt. kom a state in ei sempeh uvin tia i ngeh diu bou ahi’n, mi gam gachu a kidou ding ngaito i hi pouve.
Kukite hi phunggui sudte i hiu vin, ahi’nla phung le chang i sei-u hi kilangkhenna ding le innsung kihuitupna ding ahipoi. Phung le chang hi ipu-ipa hung konna hedna a man ding ahi’n, kichomhuina ding le kingailut tumna ding ahipoi.
Kuki a kiloikhomna hin koikoi ahop ham ti i hedchetna diu vin Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, Nagaland le Manipur a Kuki sung a tribe list gah veu hite:
Assam: In the autonomous district:
1. Chakma,
2. Dimasa, Kachari,
3. Garo,
4. Hajong,
5 Hmar
6. Khasi, Jaintia, Synteng, Phar, War Bhoi, Lyngngam.
7. Any Kuki tribes including:
i. Biate, Biete ii. Changsan iii. Chongloi iv. Doungel v. Gamlhou
vi. Gangte vii. Guite viii. Hanneng ix. Haokip, Haopit x. Haolai
xi. Hengna xii. Hangsing xiii. Hrangkawal, Rangkhol xiv. Jongbe xv. Khawchung
xvi. Khawathlang xvii. Khelma xviii. Kholhou xix. Kipgen xx. Kuki
xxi. Lenthang xxii. Lhangum xxiii. Lhoujem xxiv. Lhouvum xxv. Lupheng
xxvi. Mangjel xxvii. Misao xxviii. Riang xxix. Sairhem xxx. Selnam
xxxi. Singson xxxii. Sitlhou xxxiii. Sukte xxxiv. Thadou xxxv. Thangngeo
xxxvi. Uibuh xxxvii. Vaiphei
8. Lakher,
9. Man (Tai speaking),
10. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes,
11. Mikir,
12. Any Naga tribes,
13. Pawai,
14. Synthemg.
Meghalaya:
1. Chakma,
2. Dimasa,
3. Garo,
4. Hajong,
5. Hmar,
6. Khasi, Jaintia, Synteng, Pnar War; Bhoi, Lyngngam.
7. Any Kuki tribes including
i. Biate, Biete ii. Changsan iii. Chongloi iv. Doungel v. Gamlhou
vi. Gangte vii. Guite viii. Hanneng ix. Haokip, Haopit x. Haolai
xi. Hengna xii. Hangsing xiii. Hrangkawal, Rangkhol xiv. Jongbe xv. Khawchung
xvi. Khawathlang, Khothanlong xvii. Khelma xviii. Kholhou xix. Kipgen xx. Kuki
xxi. Lenthang xxii. Lhangum xxiii. Lhoujem xxiv. Lhouvum xxv. Lupheng
xxvi. Mangjel xxvii. Misao xxviii. Riang xxix. Sairhem xxx. Selnam
xxxi. Singson xxxii. Sitlhou xxxiii. Sukte xxxiv. Thadou xxxv. Thangngeo
xxxvi. Uibuh xxxvii. Vaiphei
8. Lakher,
9. Man (Tai speaking),
10. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes.
11. Mikir,
12. Any Naga tribes,
13. Pawi,
14. Synteng Khotha,
15. Boro-Kacharies,
16. Koch,
17. Raba, Rava.
Tripura:
1. Bhil,
2. Bhutia,
3. Chaimal,
4. Chakma,
5. Garoo,
6. Halem,
7. Jamatia,
8. Khasi,
9. Kuki including the following sub-tribes:
i. Balte ii. Belalhut iii. Chhalaya iv. Fun v. Hajango
vi. Jangtei vii. Khareng viii. Khephong ix. Kuntei x. Laifang
xi. Lentei xii. Mizel xiii. Namte xiv. Paitu, Paite xv. Rangchan
xvi. Rangkhol xvii. Thangluya
10. Lepcha 11. Lushai 12. Mag 13. Munda, Kaur 14. Noatia 15. Orang 16. Riang 17. Santal 18. Tripura, Tripuri, त्रिप्पेरा
Mizoram:
1. Chakma,
2. Dimasa (Kachari),
3. Garo,
4. Hajong,
5. Hmar,
6. Khasi and Jaintia (Including Khasi Synten or Phar, War Bhoi or Lyngngam.
7. Any Kuki tribes including:-
i. Baite, Biete ii. Changsan iii. Chongloi iv. Doungel v. Gamlhou
vi. Gangte vii. Guite viii. Hanneng ix. Haokip, Haupit x. Haolai
xi. Hengna xii. Hangsing xiii. Hrangkawal, Rangkhol xiv. Jongbe xv. Khawchung
xvi. Khawathlang, Khothanlong xvii. Khelma xviii. Kholhou xix. Kipgen xx. Kuki
xxi. Lenthang xxii. Lhangum xxiii. Lhoujem xxiv. Lhouvum xxv. Lupheng
xxvi. Mangjel xxvii. Misao xxviii. Riang xxix. Sairhem xxx. Selnam
xxxi. Singson xxxii. Sitlhou xxxiii. Sukte xxxiv. Thadou xxxv. Thangngeo
xxxvi. Uibuh xxxvii. Vaiphei
8. Lakher,
9. Man (Tai speaking)
10. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes,
11. Mikir,
12. Any Naga tribes,
13. Pawi,
14. Synteng.
Nagaland:
Naga
Kuki
Kachari
Mikir
Garo
Manipur:
1. Aimol 2. Anal 3. Angami 4. Chiru 5. Chothe
6. Gangte 7. Hmar 8. Kabui 9. Kacha Naga 10. Koirao
11. Koireng 12. Kom 13. Lamgang 14. Mao 15. Maram
16. Maring 17. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes 18. Monsang 19. Moyon 20. Paite
21. Purum 22. Ralte 23. Sema 24. Simte 25. Suhte
26. Tangkhul 27. Thadou 28. Vaiphei 29. Zou 30. Poumai Naga
31. Kharam 32. Tarao 33. Any Kuki Tribes
Nei thahsem kit tau vin O thaneipen Pathen! (Ps. 80:7)
Dated : New Delhi.
The 10th December, 2008
Feb 18, 2009
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ABOUT ME
- Letminlen Haokip
- New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Kalem Uve!I am a student from Delhi University,brought up this site to acknowledge the forgotten Past-herioc Kuki Warriors.I am dedicated and patriotic chap with perseverance to fight for the cause of the Kuki people.I would like to take this opportunity to cal all my comrades to come forward and express views and opinion pertaining to the Kuki socio-political promblems arising in our present generation.Come on!! TAH CHAPA'S ! TAH CHANU'S!!with a revolutionary attitude,militant in action and a nationalist in outlook to rescue the Kuki people shattered dreams of chaos,confusion and dis-integration Awake!! comrades,the KUKI nation needs you!!!!
ABOUT MUVANLAI
Muvanlai is synonimous with the Kuki people.Muvanlai literally means an "Eagle".An Eafle comfortably gliding over its territory without any restriction is an apt anology in order to get the correct meaning.This,precisely was what the Kuki-life in the past millenium.Freedom and sovereignity was what the Kuki posessed in their land,Zale'n-gam.
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MUVANLAI ARCHIEVE
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RECOMENDED SITE
- Kukiforum Network,USA
- Kuki Inpi(Government)
- Kuki Intern.Support Centre
- The Thadou-Kuki Langauge
- Kuki Baptist Convention
- Thadou-Kuki Langauge
- Kukis of NC Hills
- Kuki in Wikipedia
- NE TV Kuki News
- Kuki Christian
- KSDF Burma
- KNO Home Page
- Kuki Black Day
- KSO New Delhi
- KSO Mumbai
- KSO Bangalore
- KSO Kolkatta
- KSO Guwahati
- KSO Shillong
- KWS Bangalore
- KWS Delhi
- Kuki Gems and Jewellery
- Official Website of Manipur
- Jews of Manipur and Mizoram
- Ministry of Tribal Development
- Tamenglong District
- Churachandpur District
- Senapati (Sadar Hills) District
- Chandel District
- Ukhrul District
- Sangai Express
- The Hmar's Homepage
- The Vaiphei's Homepage
- Zo Students Association
- E-Pao News
- Kangla Online
- Zogam News
- ZSP Delhi
- The Anti-Tamanthi Dam Committee
- Electoral Maps of Manipur
- Manipur Bhawan
- Community Information Centre,Manipur
- Information, data and analysis on terrorism, low intensity warfare and sectarian strife in Manipur.
NORTH EAST SUPPORT CENTRE & HELPLINE
To assist North East Indians studing and working in Delhi and NCR.
Helpline Numbers:
Delhi West - 9810554901,
Delhi South - 9818314146,
Delhi North - 9911886062.
Central Coordinating
Helpline -9868184939
Fax 011-42811185
Email nesupportcentre@gmail.com,
Fax +911142811185
HOW TO FILE FIR
Simple way to file FIR
http://www.nehelpline.net/
Helpline Numbers:
Delhi West - 9810554901,
Delhi South - 9818314146,
Delhi North - 9911886062.
Central Coordinating
Helpline -9868184939
Fax 011-42811185
Email nesupportcentre@gmail.com,
Fax +911142811185
HOW TO FILE FIR
Simple way to file FIR
http://www.nehelpline.net/
THE KSOD MEGA RALLY
A KUKI COUPLE IN THE 18TH CENTURY
NAMPI KINEPNA K.S.O
SIMSAHEI PAHNA ZOUGAM NOM
AW! PENNA THINGLHANG GAMNOUM
HAVE MERCY ON US! O MOTHER INDIA!!
BOOKS ON THE KUKIS
- The Lost Tribe of Isreal
- The Thadou-Kukis : William Shaw
- The Kukis of Manipur:By Dr.T.S Gangte
- Kuki Disturbances in Tripura, 1860-61 By:Nalini Ranjan Roychowdhury
- Souvenir : The Benei Menashe Council, India By:L Henkhogin Haokip
- The Kukis of Tripura : a socio-economic survey By:Ram Gopal Singh
- A hand book of Kuki custom:By C.G Crawford
- The Lushia-Kuki Clans By Lt.Col William J.Shakespear
- In search of identity: By H Khamkenthang Kuki-Chin Baptist Union
- The Indigenous World 2002-2003 By Diana Vinding
- Low Intensity Conflicts in India: An Analysis By Vivek Chadha
- Human Rights in the New World Order By Shamsi, Nayyar
- The Inductions of Ethics and the Ethics of Individual Life By Herbert Spencer
- Tribal Situation and Development in Central India By Shiv Kumar Tiwari
- The Anthropology of North-East India: A Textbook By Tanka Bahadur Subba, G. C. Ghosh
- Unrepresented Nations & Peoples Organization, Yearbook 1995 By Mary Kate Simmons
- Hill Politics in North-east India By Shibani Kinkar Chaube
- The Sino-Tibetan Languages By Graham Thurgood, Randy J. LaPolla
- History of Human Marriage Part 3 By Edward Westermarck
- Politico-Economic Development of the Tribals of Manipur: A Study of the Zomis By Guite, Chinkholian
- Social Movements in North-East India By Mahendra Narain Karna
- The Schedule Tribes of India
- Land Rights of the Indigenous Peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh By Rajkumari Chandra Roy
- The Purums: An Old Kuki Tribe of Manipur : By Tarakchandra Das
- Authority and Legitimacy: A Study of the Thadou-Kukis in Manipur By Asok Kumar Ray
- WHY MUST WE BE MIZO? By Priyadarshni (alias Tingneihoih) M. Gangte
- Between Ethnography and Fiction: Verrier Elwin and the Tribal Question in India By Tanka Bahadur Subba, Sujit Som, K. C. Baral
- Policing India in the New Millennium By P. J. Alexander
- Indian and Oriental Armour By Lord Egerton, Wilbraham Egerton Egerton, Indian Museum
- Unfamiliar relations: Family and History in South Asia
- Encyclopaedia of Indian Tribes By Shyman Singh Shashi
- Miscellaneous Papers Relating to Indo-China By Reinhold Rost
- An ethnographic survey of the Kuki-Chin-speaking peoples of the Assam-Burma border
- The North East Frontier 1837-1901 ByIan Heath
- Bleeding Manipur: By Phanjoubam Tarapot
- My Experiences in Manipur and the Naga Hills By James Johnstone
- My Experiences in Manipur and the Naga Hills By James Johnstone
- India and the World: Selected Articles from IDSA Journals By N. S. Sisodia, Sujit Dutta
- Miscellaneous Notes on the Kuki of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Pakistan By:Claude Levi-Strauss
- Origin and Growth of Christianity in Tripura: With Special Reference to the ... By Sukhendu Debbarma
- A short account of the Kuki-Lushai tribes on the north-east frontier : (districts Cachar, Sylhet, Nága Hills, etc., and the north Cachar Hills), with an outline grammar of the Rangkhol-Lushai language and a comparison of Lushai with other dialects
UNITY IN DIVERSITY
ARE WE THE LOST TRIBE OF ISREAL??
KUKI ARMED MOVEMENT
KUKI BEAUTY ON THE RAMP
HEAR OUR CRIES !!!! MR.SMS! (SARDAR MANMOHAN SINGH)
DO INDIA LOVE COMMUNALISM???
A NEW HOPE, A NEW DREAM FOR THE KUKIS
WE WANT REFERENDUM!!!!!!!!
MARCHING TO THE CALL OF NATION
MOL LE LHANG SANG JONG NAMPI THUPEH JUI LOU THEI KAHI POUVE
DO THE KUKIS HAVE FAITH ON THE INDIAN DEMOCRACY?
WE WANT JUSTICE AT ANY COST
YOUTH OF THE NATION
KUKI VIP"S AND NEWS MAKER
HIS EXCELLENCY
PU.SHEHKHOLEN KIPEN,IFS
INDIAN AMBASSADOR TO UKRAINE
http://www.indianembassy.tj/english/about_us/posolstva_sng.htm
SMT.NENGCHA LHOUVUM
INDIAN AMBASSADOR TO LEBANON
http://mea.gov.in/pressrelease/2004/10/18pr02.htm
MR.ZAI KIPGEN
http://www.rediff.com/sports/2001/sep/01golf.htm
PU W.L HANGSHING,IAS
http://persmin.nic.in/CivilList/AsOnToday/QryProcessCLNew.asp#Bottom
PU.SHEHKHOLEN KIPEN,IFS
INDIAN AMBASSADOR TO UKRAINE
http://www.indianembassy.tj/english/about_us/posolstva_sng.htm
SMT.NENGCHA LHOUVUM
INDIAN AMBASSADOR TO LEBANON
http://mea.gov.in/pressrelease/2004/10/18pr02.htm
MR.ZAI KIPGEN
http://www.rediff.com/sports/2001/sep/01golf.htm
PU W.L HANGSHING,IAS
http://persmin.nic.in/CivilList/AsOnToday/QryProcessCLNew.asp#Bottom
MEDIA COVERAGE ON KUKI & NE OUTFIT ACTIVITIES
KUKI OUTFIT DEMANDS STATEHOOD:
EXCLUSIVE VIDEO COVERAGE WITH A KUKI OUTFIT
http://www.ibnlive.com/videos/23463/kuki-outfit-demands-statehood.html
WE BELIEVE IN BEING INDIAN : KNO
EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH IBN Live
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/we-believe-in-being-indian-kno/23601-3-p2.html
THE FORGOTTEN INSURGENCY :UKLF
TIMESNOW EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW
http://www.timesnow.tv/Newsdtls.aspx?NewsID=3130
MONEY CAN'T HELP MANIPUR:CAUGHT BETWWEN THE UNLF AND NSCN(IM) IS THE KUKI TRIBE
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/ethnic-crisis-ruining-manipur-economy/23400-3.html
KUKI ULTRAS ATTACK IRB CAMP: NDTV
http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070015384
KUKI REBELS UNITE AGAINST COMMON ENEMY
Kishalay Bhattacharjee reports for NDTV from Guwahati
http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070008295
NAXALS : UNITED IN VIOLENCE
http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070008293
BBC NEWS REPORTS ON KUKI ACTIVITIES
http://search.bbc.co.uk/cgi-bin/search/results.pl?tab=all&q=KUKI%252CKUKIS&start=1&scope=all&go=homepage
MANIPUR GROUP REJECTS IDEA OF INDIA:
INSIDE THE CAMP OF UNLF
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/manipur-group-rejects-idea-of-india/23540-3.html
NSCN(IM) DRAWS YOUTH BY HORDES:IBN Live
INSIDE CAMP HEBRON,NSCN(IM) GHQ
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/nscn-im-draws-youth-by-hordes/23704-3.html
WE WILL FIGHT INDIAN FORCES:UNLF CHIEF
EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH SANAYAIMA
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/we-will-fight-indian-forces-unlf-chief/23346-3-0.html
BODOS RESTIVE AS GOVT KEEPS MUM
CNN-INB Live WITH GEN.SECY NDFB
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/bodos-get-restive-as-govt-keeps-mum/23630-3.html
EACH NAGA VILLAGE IS A REPUBLIC:NSCN
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/each-naga-village-is-a-republic-nscn/23236-3.html
GEN V.S ATEM ON NAGA ASPIRATIONS
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/gen-v-s-atem-on-naga-aspirations/23182-3.html
NO HEADWAY IN GOVT.NSCN(IM) TALKS
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/no-headway-in-govt-nscnim-talks/24557-3.html
MANIPUR MINISTER ESCAPE MILITANT ATTACK
http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070021929
EXCLUSIVE VIDEO COVERAGE WITH A KUKI OUTFIT
http://www.ibnlive.com/videos/23463/kuki-outfit-demands-statehood.html
WE BELIEVE IN BEING INDIAN : KNO
EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH IBN Live
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/we-believe-in-being-indian-kno/23601-3-p2.html
THE FORGOTTEN INSURGENCY :UKLF
TIMESNOW EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW
http://www.timesnow.tv/Newsdtls.aspx?NewsID=3130
MONEY CAN'T HELP MANIPUR:CAUGHT BETWWEN THE UNLF AND NSCN(IM) IS THE KUKI TRIBE
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/ethnic-crisis-ruining-manipur-economy/23400-3.html
KUKI ULTRAS ATTACK IRB CAMP: NDTV
http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070015384
KUKI REBELS UNITE AGAINST COMMON ENEMY
Kishalay Bhattacharjee reports for NDTV from Guwahati
http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070008295
NAXALS : UNITED IN VIOLENCE
http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070008293
BBC NEWS REPORTS ON KUKI ACTIVITIES
http://search.bbc.co.uk/cgi-bin/search/results.pl?tab=all&q=KUKI%252CKUKIS&start=1&scope=all&go=homepage
MANIPUR GROUP REJECTS IDEA OF INDIA:
INSIDE THE CAMP OF UNLF
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/manipur-group-rejects-idea-of-india/23540-3.html
NSCN(IM) DRAWS YOUTH BY HORDES:IBN Live
INSIDE CAMP HEBRON,NSCN(IM) GHQ
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/nscn-im-draws-youth-by-hordes/23704-3.html
WE WILL FIGHT INDIAN FORCES:UNLF CHIEF
EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW WITH SANAYAIMA
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/we-will-fight-indian-forces-unlf-chief/23346-3-0.html
BODOS RESTIVE AS GOVT KEEPS MUM
CNN-INB Live WITH GEN.SECY NDFB
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/bodos-get-restive-as-govt-keeps-mum/23630-3.html
EACH NAGA VILLAGE IS A REPUBLIC:NSCN
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/each-naga-village-is-a-republic-nscn/23236-3.html
GEN V.S ATEM ON NAGA ASPIRATIONS
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/gen-v-s-atem-on-naga-aspirations/23182-3.html
NO HEADWAY IN GOVT.NSCN(IM) TALKS
http://www.ibnlive.com/news/no-headway-in-govt-nscnim-talks/24557-3.html
MANIPUR MINISTER ESCAPE MILITANT ATTACK
http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070021929
NEWSPAPER AND MAGAZINES
THE TIMES OF INDIA
THE HINDUSTAN TIMES
DECCAN CHRONICLE
THE STATESMAN
KASHMIR TIMES
THE MID-DAY
THE WEEK
THE INDIAN EXPRESS
THE ASIAN AGE
NEW YORK TIMES
THE TRIBUNE
WASHINGTON POST
THE AFTERNOON
INDIA TODAY
THE HINDU
KASHMIR MONITOR
THE NORTH EAST TRIBUNE
REDIFF ON THE NET
OUTLOOK
FRONTLINE
THE PIONEER
DECCAN HERALD
THE SENTINEL ASSAM
THE TELEGRAPH
NAGALAND POST
KANGLAONLINE.COM
MORUNG EXPRESS
E-PAO NET
THE SANGAI EXPRESS
NAGALAND PAGE