KUKI NATIONAL ORGANISATION
GOVERNMENT OF ZALE’N-GAM
Ref No: 03-12/09 Dated Manmasi, 23rd March 2009
PRESS COMMUNIQUE
As the Kuki Students’ Organisation, Delhi commemorated the 2nd Anniversary of the first ever “Kuki Students’ Up-Rising” on 23rd March. The Kuki National Organisation send its solemn salute to all the students organizations namely HSAD (Hmar), KZPD (Simte), ZSPD (Zou), SSPP (Paite), Zillai (Vaiphei), DMZD (Mizo), KRSUD (Komrem), SINLUNG, SIPHRO, NSUD (Naga), Ao Students Union, NSUI, DUSU, JNUSU, ABVP, DFI, AISA, NSF etc. who demonstrated their solidarity towards the cause and sufferings of the Kukis. And especially to those 154 ‘brave’ students who were dumped inside the infamous Tihar Jail.
On this historic day, the 23rd March, 2007, more than 800 Kuki Students in Delhi & NCR along with other philanthropic students’ organization surrendered their career, time and pure blood to dissent the legacy of the British Imperialist towards the Kukis propagated by the Manipur and Central Government of India. On this fateful day, 154 Kuki Students, including innocent or juvenile, were expedite to Tihar Jail at the cost of raping, torturing, maiming and what not against the Kukis in Manipur.
The terrorist-United National Liberation Front raped more than 20 Hmar-Kuki women at Parbung, Churachandpur District, Manipur. Besides maiming many Kukis by planting landmines and IEDs, they abducted more than 700 innocent Kukis from Chandel District, Manipur, including aged, infant and pregnant women in collaboration with Military Junta of Myanmar on the fateful night of 13th March, 2007. Both the parties held high integrity among their ranks by raping, maiming and abducting the innocent Kukis. Such indecent and barbarous act of the terrorist-UNLF and Military Junta of Myanmar against the Kukis provoke the heart of young and committed Kuki Students in and around the national capital of India on 23rd March, 2007. The students who marched towards the Indian parliament to highlight the plights of the Kukis were meted with defamatory words, molesting ladies, lathi charging, water cannoning, stone throwing, and tear gassing and even firing from service arms by the Delhi Police and RAF.
Despite negligence and non-co-operation from the police forces, the state as well as the central government on their charter of demands, the Kuki Students never lose their mind but rather face the brutalities of the government forces to save the image of the Kukis.
Therefore, as the pen is mightier than sword the KNO took this privilege to honour and sincerely appeal to our students to be the vanguard of the Kuki society and play more pro-active role in ameliorating the pathetic present day Kuki nation.
Sd/-
Lenin H Kuki
Secretary Information & Publicity
Kuki National Organisation
MANMASI
Mar 24, 2009
Mar 22, 2009
At Parliament Street; Battle for the people of Chandel
"THE KSOD SALUTES ALL THE BRAVE HEARTS ON THE 3RD ANNIVERSARY OF THE MEGA RALLY,WITHOUT THEM TODAY WE WIIL NOT STAND WHERE WE ARE".HURRAY!!
By Luntinsat
New Delhi: 23rd March, 2009
It was a fine day and the Kuki Students’ Organisation, Delhi (KSOD) was waiting for an acceptable assurance from both the Manipur state and the center governments, to the body’s earlier demands during March 5, 2007-rally. The demands were; (1) to sanitize all the landmines planted in Chandel district by the Meitei insurgent group - United National Liberation Front (UNLF) since 2001, (2) to flash the UNLF out of Chandel district, (3) to give compensation to the landmine victims, (4) to set up permanent army out posts at strategic locations prone to attack by UNLF, etc.
Before the dilatory governments could take any positive measure to address the above demands, the UNLF took over 400 Kukis at Ts Laijang refugee camp into hostage to Lallim, a Kuki village situated near Indo-Burma border on the Burmese territory. These Kukis had earlier fled their homesteads due to heavy armed conflict between Indian army and the UNLF in their areas, and so were camped at Ts Laijang. The news of abduction, which spread like wild fire provoked the entire Kuki community – young and old, man and women, intellectuals and the ordinary alike. This abduction, it seemed, was an act of vengeance by the UNLF for the 5th March rally. It was these compound humiliations of the Kuki nation that led to another demonstration.
Members of the KSOD with all its fraternal student organizations belonging to Kom, Hmar, Paite, Simte, Vaiphei, Mizo and Zou tribes joined by Naga students and others was busy preparing for the second protest rally at Jantar Mantar – Parliament Street on 23rd March 2007. Each of the five buses arranged for transportation began moving into its assigned localities, colonies, residential areas, quarters, apartments, picked up students and then headed towards Jantar Mantar. The first and the last buses reached the site at 12:30 pm and 01:30 pm respectively. At 2:30 pm all preparation for the rally was finished.
The street of Jantar Mantar including the pavement had already been thronged with large crowd of other marginalized people, who were also dissatisfied with the government over one or the other issue. They included Action 2007 led by famous anti-dam activist, Medha Patkar demanding clean water for the Bhopalis who have not been getting clean water since 1984 when the Union Carbide, a fertilizer factory caught fire and has, as consequence, contaminated soil and water body of the region. Also were there Adivasis/tribals from the south and central India demanding for land right.
Queuing up in two long lines each made up of about 250 students, slogans – ‘Rescue immediately--400 Kukis,’ ‘UNLF--Down, down,’ ‘Ibobi Singh--Down, down…’ etc - were chanted in rehearsal for a while and then the march followed. In the front are two giant banners that read - We Demand Immediate Relief and Justice for Kukis Distressed by the Atrocities of United National Liberation Front (UNLF).
The volunteers were watchfully active in rendering best of their assigned job i.e.. to look after the smooth flow of the procession. The traffic and pedestrians trying to intercept the queue were first humbly requested not to do so, and those who stubbornly did not pay heed to the soft request were given zero tolerance; they were forcefully pushed back. Some even got thrashed at the height of nationalist sentiment.
Scorching heat of the sun heightened the agitated resentment further. Demolishing the first barricade, preparations were on for breaking the second barricade and for stand off with the police and Rapid Action Force (RAF) that was inevitably waiting. As wheeled barricade units from the first demolition were arranged along the street length, command to strike the second barricade was waited. To counter the police batons, iron bars were obtained by dismantling the steel structures of barricade units.
Students began to violently shake or kick the steel structures to which act the IPS officer on duty sternly objected. The police personnel on duty looked sad and disconcerted too as they appeared to have perceived the inevitable scuffle. Even as the officer tried to calm the agitation, the police personnel had got set and were just waiting for the order to strike. Seeing the development, some of us approached the officer and requested him not to begin using brute force. We also assured him that the demonstration would end peacefully if the authority had the will to listen to our demand. The police were momentarily placated without which the clash might have started much earlier.
In the meantime, Mr. Thangboi, the general secretary of KSOD was going to the PM’s Office to enquire about the progress of the proposed direct talks with PM to brief about landmines in Chandel district and the abduction of 400 Kukis by UNLF. Soon, the KSOD secretary informed the KSOD president by mobile phone: Nothing sort of the expected talk is likely, so storm the second and third barricades, and march towards the Parliament House to hold the protest in front of it. Accordingly, the second barricade was pulled down. The RAF and the police pushing from the other side were unable to poise the stronger force of our boys. Only the third and last barricade was left now. Violence began at this third attempt when the police started canning, bombarding tear gas, detonating stun bombs, etc, to disperse us.
The tear gas momentarily blinded us, and this forced those of us in the vanguard to retreat few yards back until we regained our normal sight by applying toothpaste in the affected eyes. The girl students fought no less a fight when they supplied fist sized stones to pelt at the armed police who were firing at us non-stop. Unable to withstand the multiple flying stones hitting at them, the police had no option but to retreat into their station. Now, by shouting ‘li li li li li li ….. ha ha ha ha ha ha …..’, the momentary victory was celebrated on the battlefield-street shrouded in tear gas. Meanwhile, a pressman mounted on a height was shooting the scene. But in all of a sudden, a flying stone hit him that he immediately wrapped up his instruments and ran for his safety.
It must have been, as logically perceived, that the retreating police personnel while being inside their station received order from their superior to immediately move out for do-or-die attack at us. Even as they came out again, we resisted them in the fiercest manner so that they had to retreat for the second time. We now, for a while, have become too confident in our strength and might that the Delhi police and RAF would not stand before us. What an infuriating insult it must have been for armed to the teeth police!
After about 5 minute of their second retreat, in all of a sudden, an RAF man happen to ran into our midst. Our boys contended for the first touch at him which only few lucky ones had due to space congestion. Like a rolling football in a neck and neck match during the extra time within the penalty court, the plundered RAF man was not visible. Only our boys could be seen jumping. To be fair, this constable deserves the Highest Award of Honour for Bravery.
Seeing this from their station gate, the police and the RAF rushed, in hundreds, towards us. Their attack indicated 'do or die' determination. But, before they could reach us, we had advised the girls to escape the scene, and we followed the same suit a little after them. Hundreds of students fleeing and the police chasing after them caused traffic jam at the Parliament Street. Students who took the other streets were not pursued while those turned right and fled towards Jantar Mantar where we parked our buses were hotly pursued. Those who quickly boarded the buses were also bombarded with tear gas, beaten up and then taken to the custody. Of course, some of the good physique ones managed to escape.
In and around Connough Place, the police thronged the streets looking for any northeast looking face. Two young Nepali lovers enjoying their good evening at Mc Donald restaurant were also hauled up, and were detained until proved innocence. Buses, Auto rickshaws and taxies were stopped and checked, and suspected northeasterners were randomly arrested. KSOD Miss Fresher 2005, Hoineilhing who tried to evade the police by boarding a DTC bus was pulled down and arrested in such operation. A mobile phone call from her said, ‘U Sat, eiman tauve.’ (brother Sat, I ‘ve been arrested). I was still hiding behind a car at a garage of MTNL head office along with two other friends. We got there because some minutes before when the police van chased us.
One of the girls with me at the time was so frightened at the news that she instantly became pale and lost her consciousness. She was a heart patient. We brought her back to normalcy by massaging. As luck would have it, we saw a policeman who could not find us going back. It was 5:30 pm and the office hour was over. An MTNL officer who came to take his car for home noticed us. We requested him to give us a lift. He agreed and dropped us at India Gate from where we headed for our respective home by auto-rickshaw.
Out of 148 detained, the number of students arrested during the clash at Parliament Street is estimated to be at most ten while the rest were those picked up in the aftermath of the incident from in and around C.P. and in the RML hospital. Those arrested in the hospital were either injured persons there to get treatment or the visiting friends taking foodstuffs for the injured. There were also some who surrendered themselves because their girlfriends or boyfriends had already been arrested. A Bollywood scene came into play in the lives of nationalism awakened Kuki youngsters.
As promise, when the jailed students could not be bailed out on the second day, a silent protest was organized on 25.5.07 at ITO, an area close to the offices of most of the Indian national papers. This time, many student union from the mainland India including JNU Student Union extended their solidarity and support. Condemning the police brutality and the callousness of the UPA government, everyone called for the immediate release of the detained students. After about four hour long protest, the gathering dispersed when the police assured for release in the same evening. It required the same number of people with valid identity card to bail out the jailed students; one person for each imprisoned student.
Since the verification could not be completed during the day’s working hour, it was left for the next day, and that meant another tormented night in jail. Meanwhile, expectation had it that food was prepared for some 500 people at JNU campus where a welcome ceremony was to be hosted. When it was learnt nothing sort of such welcome ceremony would take place, people gathered dispersed at 12:00 pm. Finally, this plan succeeded in the next late evening. Both the valley and hill MP’s attended the ceremony. An ex-MP, Pu Holkhomang and our lawyer, Sandeep were also present. The programme was moderated by David Buhril, the assistant editor of the North East Sun magazine. It was a moment of joy and relief.
To most of the jailed students, experience in Tihar Jail was a memorable incident of life. Few boys walked out of the Jail with their famous love notes or poems composed during the three day detention. For one like Esther, a research scholar at JNU, having Medha Patker, leader of Narmada Bachao Andolon (NBA), as inmate boosted her morale. Mention may be made that in reel life, though highly educated Kuki women seem to uphold and preach gender equality, in real life situation, they dare not face the challenge as their male counterparts do. A good number of girls feel that what is normal for boys might not be so with the girls. “To cite a good example,” a girl added, “I might not feel shame to be in jail if I were a boy”.
When the cases against the bailed out students were kept pending in the court for over a year, rumours of inefficient leadership in the KSO began to spread. Some felt neglected as they thought the sacrifice for the national cause was not reciprocated befittingly. Others blamed the lackadaisical approach for the pending. A student, who does not want to be named said, “that was the last event for me to contribute my time and energy for the nation,” and added, “in future, how can I obey the leaders who would not care for me?” There is another suggestion that in future, any move of such sort should be given a detailed deliberation and discussion, and the same should clearly be informed to the all students beforehand.
Whatever, our sacrifice for the Kuki nation did not go vain. The abducted Kukis of Chandel had been rescued. At the same time, God of ages has through wisdom in our leaders worked wonders and all the cases of bailed out students have been heard and closed in our favour in 2008. This display of valour shall remain impressing down our history. Long live KSOD.
By Luntinsat
New Delhi: 23rd March, 2009
It was a fine day and the Kuki Students’ Organisation, Delhi (KSOD) was waiting for an acceptable assurance from both the Manipur state and the center governments, to the body’s earlier demands during March 5, 2007-rally. The demands were; (1) to sanitize all the landmines planted in Chandel district by the Meitei insurgent group - United National Liberation Front (UNLF) since 2001, (2) to flash the UNLF out of Chandel district, (3) to give compensation to the landmine victims, (4) to set up permanent army out posts at strategic locations prone to attack by UNLF, etc.
Before the dilatory governments could take any positive measure to address the above demands, the UNLF took over 400 Kukis at Ts Laijang refugee camp into hostage to Lallim, a Kuki village situated near Indo-Burma border on the Burmese territory. These Kukis had earlier fled their homesteads due to heavy armed conflict between Indian army and the UNLF in their areas, and so were camped at Ts Laijang. The news of abduction, which spread like wild fire provoked the entire Kuki community – young and old, man and women, intellectuals and the ordinary alike. This abduction, it seemed, was an act of vengeance by the UNLF for the 5th March rally. It was these compound humiliations of the Kuki nation that led to another demonstration.
Members of the KSOD with all its fraternal student organizations belonging to Kom, Hmar, Paite, Simte, Vaiphei, Mizo and Zou tribes joined by Naga students and others was busy preparing for the second protest rally at Jantar Mantar – Parliament Street on 23rd March 2007. Each of the five buses arranged for transportation began moving into its assigned localities, colonies, residential areas, quarters, apartments, picked up students and then headed towards Jantar Mantar. The first and the last buses reached the site at 12:30 pm and 01:30 pm respectively. At 2:30 pm all preparation for the rally was finished.
The street of Jantar Mantar including the pavement had already been thronged with large crowd of other marginalized people, who were also dissatisfied with the government over one or the other issue. They included Action 2007 led by famous anti-dam activist, Medha Patkar demanding clean water for the Bhopalis who have not been getting clean water since 1984 when the Union Carbide, a fertilizer factory caught fire and has, as consequence, contaminated soil and water body of the region. Also were there Adivasis/tribals from the south and central India demanding for land right.
Queuing up in two long lines each made up of about 250 students, slogans – ‘Rescue immediately--400 Kukis,’ ‘UNLF--Down, down,’ ‘Ibobi Singh--Down, down…’ etc - were chanted in rehearsal for a while and then the march followed. In the front are two giant banners that read - We Demand Immediate Relief and Justice for Kukis Distressed by the Atrocities of United National Liberation Front (UNLF).
The volunteers were watchfully active in rendering best of their assigned job i.e.. to look after the smooth flow of the procession. The traffic and pedestrians trying to intercept the queue were first humbly requested not to do so, and those who stubbornly did not pay heed to the soft request were given zero tolerance; they were forcefully pushed back. Some even got thrashed at the height of nationalist sentiment.
Scorching heat of the sun heightened the agitated resentment further. Demolishing the first barricade, preparations were on for breaking the second barricade and for stand off with the police and Rapid Action Force (RAF) that was inevitably waiting. As wheeled barricade units from the first demolition were arranged along the street length, command to strike the second barricade was waited. To counter the police batons, iron bars were obtained by dismantling the steel structures of barricade units.
Students began to violently shake or kick the steel structures to which act the IPS officer on duty sternly objected. The police personnel on duty looked sad and disconcerted too as they appeared to have perceived the inevitable scuffle. Even as the officer tried to calm the agitation, the police personnel had got set and were just waiting for the order to strike. Seeing the development, some of us approached the officer and requested him not to begin using brute force. We also assured him that the demonstration would end peacefully if the authority had the will to listen to our demand. The police were momentarily placated without which the clash might have started much earlier.
In the meantime, Mr. Thangboi, the general secretary of KSOD was going to the PM’s Office to enquire about the progress of the proposed direct talks with PM to brief about landmines in Chandel district and the abduction of 400 Kukis by UNLF. Soon, the KSOD secretary informed the KSOD president by mobile phone: Nothing sort of the expected talk is likely, so storm the second and third barricades, and march towards the Parliament House to hold the protest in front of it. Accordingly, the second barricade was pulled down. The RAF and the police pushing from the other side were unable to poise the stronger force of our boys. Only the third and last barricade was left now. Violence began at this third attempt when the police started canning, bombarding tear gas, detonating stun bombs, etc, to disperse us.
The tear gas momentarily blinded us, and this forced those of us in the vanguard to retreat few yards back until we regained our normal sight by applying toothpaste in the affected eyes. The girl students fought no less a fight when they supplied fist sized stones to pelt at the armed police who were firing at us non-stop. Unable to withstand the multiple flying stones hitting at them, the police had no option but to retreat into their station. Now, by shouting ‘li li li li li li ….. ha ha ha ha ha ha …..’, the momentary victory was celebrated on the battlefield-street shrouded in tear gas. Meanwhile, a pressman mounted on a height was shooting the scene. But in all of a sudden, a flying stone hit him that he immediately wrapped up his instruments and ran for his safety.
It must have been, as logically perceived, that the retreating police personnel while being inside their station received order from their superior to immediately move out for do-or-die attack at us. Even as they came out again, we resisted them in the fiercest manner so that they had to retreat for the second time. We now, for a while, have become too confident in our strength and might that the Delhi police and RAF would not stand before us. What an infuriating insult it must have been for armed to the teeth police!
After about 5 minute of their second retreat, in all of a sudden, an RAF man happen to ran into our midst. Our boys contended for the first touch at him which only few lucky ones had due to space congestion. Like a rolling football in a neck and neck match during the extra time within the penalty court, the plundered RAF man was not visible. Only our boys could be seen jumping. To be fair, this constable deserves the Highest Award of Honour for Bravery.
Seeing this from their station gate, the police and the RAF rushed, in hundreds, towards us. Their attack indicated 'do or die' determination. But, before they could reach us, we had advised the girls to escape the scene, and we followed the same suit a little after them. Hundreds of students fleeing and the police chasing after them caused traffic jam at the Parliament Street. Students who took the other streets were not pursued while those turned right and fled towards Jantar Mantar where we parked our buses were hotly pursued. Those who quickly boarded the buses were also bombarded with tear gas, beaten up and then taken to the custody. Of course, some of the good physique ones managed to escape.
In and around Connough Place, the police thronged the streets looking for any northeast looking face. Two young Nepali lovers enjoying their good evening at Mc Donald restaurant were also hauled up, and were detained until proved innocence. Buses, Auto rickshaws and taxies were stopped and checked, and suspected northeasterners were randomly arrested. KSOD Miss Fresher 2005, Hoineilhing who tried to evade the police by boarding a DTC bus was pulled down and arrested in such operation. A mobile phone call from her said, ‘U Sat, eiman tauve.’ (brother Sat, I ‘ve been arrested). I was still hiding behind a car at a garage of MTNL head office along with two other friends. We got there because some minutes before when the police van chased us.
One of the girls with me at the time was so frightened at the news that she instantly became pale and lost her consciousness. She was a heart patient. We brought her back to normalcy by massaging. As luck would have it, we saw a policeman who could not find us going back. It was 5:30 pm and the office hour was over. An MTNL officer who came to take his car for home noticed us. We requested him to give us a lift. He agreed and dropped us at India Gate from where we headed for our respective home by auto-rickshaw.
Out of 148 detained, the number of students arrested during the clash at Parliament Street is estimated to be at most ten while the rest were those picked up in the aftermath of the incident from in and around C.P. and in the RML hospital. Those arrested in the hospital were either injured persons there to get treatment or the visiting friends taking foodstuffs for the injured. There were also some who surrendered themselves because their girlfriends or boyfriends had already been arrested. A Bollywood scene came into play in the lives of nationalism awakened Kuki youngsters.
As promise, when the jailed students could not be bailed out on the second day, a silent protest was organized on 25.5.07 at ITO, an area close to the offices of most of the Indian national papers. This time, many student union from the mainland India including JNU Student Union extended their solidarity and support. Condemning the police brutality and the callousness of the UPA government, everyone called for the immediate release of the detained students. After about four hour long protest, the gathering dispersed when the police assured for release in the same evening. It required the same number of people with valid identity card to bail out the jailed students; one person for each imprisoned student.
Since the verification could not be completed during the day’s working hour, it was left for the next day, and that meant another tormented night in jail. Meanwhile, expectation had it that food was prepared for some 500 people at JNU campus where a welcome ceremony was to be hosted. When it was learnt nothing sort of such welcome ceremony would take place, people gathered dispersed at 12:00 pm. Finally, this plan succeeded in the next late evening. Both the valley and hill MP’s attended the ceremony. An ex-MP, Pu Holkhomang and our lawyer, Sandeep were also present. The programme was moderated by David Buhril, the assistant editor of the North East Sun magazine. It was a moment of joy and relief.
To most of the jailed students, experience in Tihar Jail was a memorable incident of life. Few boys walked out of the Jail with their famous love notes or poems composed during the three day detention. For one like Esther, a research scholar at JNU, having Medha Patker, leader of Narmada Bachao Andolon (NBA), as inmate boosted her morale. Mention may be made that in reel life, though highly educated Kuki women seem to uphold and preach gender equality, in real life situation, they dare not face the challenge as their male counterparts do. A good number of girls feel that what is normal for boys might not be so with the girls. “To cite a good example,” a girl added, “I might not feel shame to be in jail if I were a boy”.
When the cases against the bailed out students were kept pending in the court for over a year, rumours of inefficient leadership in the KSO began to spread. Some felt neglected as they thought the sacrifice for the national cause was not reciprocated befittingly. Others blamed the lackadaisical approach for the pending. A student, who does not want to be named said, “that was the last event for me to contribute my time and energy for the nation,” and added, “in future, how can I obey the leaders who would not care for me?” There is another suggestion that in future, any move of such sort should be given a detailed deliberation and discussion, and the same should clearly be informed to the all students beforehand.
Whatever, our sacrifice for the Kuki nation did not go vain. The abducted Kukis of Chandel had been rescued. At the same time, God of ages has through wisdom in our leaders worked wonders and all the cases of bailed out students have been heard and closed in our favour in 2008. This display of valour shall remain impressing down our history. Long live KSOD.
Feb 18, 2009
Ethnic Synergy
Tongkhohao Khongsai,Former Editor,CHENNAGAM
Manipur gam hi 1891 kum chun British khutnoi ah ahung um pan in, ahi’nla phaicham kivaipohna chu Manipur Darbar ana pehdoh vang un, thinglhang gam chu amaho vaipohna noi ah ana koi uvin ahi. Kivaipohna phatah le kituptah a achelhah theina ding in Manipur thinglhang gam jouse chu sub-division ni in ana khen uvin, khat chu North-east atiu vin, chule anina chu South-east ana hisah uvin ahi. North-east in ahop chu Ukhrul gamkai se le Mao-Maram changei ana hi’n, chule South-east chun Tamenglong le Churachandpur gamkai ana hop in ahi.
Hiche phadlai chun transport & communication ana hoi po’n, thinglhang gam jouse a kituptah a vaipoh ding ana hahsat jeh chun 1833 kum chun J.C. Higgins (chulai a British Political Agent) in sub-division khat ana sembe’n Sadar ana sah in ahi. Sadar chu Urdu pao ahi’n, headquarter tina ahi. Hiche Sadar sub-division in ahop chu phai (Imphal) a pat nikhat a lhunnathei thinglhang gam jouse chu anahi. Manipur chu Indian Union a lahlud ahung hi phad in chulai a Chief Commissioner Hemat Singh in 1951 kum chun Sadar sub-division headquarter di’n Kangpokpi ana hisah tai.
1947 kum a India in zalenna ahin mu chun Northeastern Region a um nam tamtah, pao le chondan kibanglouho hi Kol-le-vaiho’n a zalennau lahpeh a achung uva aning-anop uva avaihomkhum diu venna in Indian Parliament in Bordoloi Commission ana phutdoh in, hiche Commission Recommendation dungjui chun 1952 chun Special Provision for Assam State ti’n Sixth Schedule for the Protection of Tribals passed ana bol tauve.
Assam gamsung a Mizo(Lushai), Garo, Khasi & Jaintia, North Cachar le Mikir Hills ho’n hiche provision chu ana dei jeh un Autonomous District Council ahin nei tauve. Ahi’nla chulai a Assam gam a Tribal dangho – Naga Hills, Manipur Hills, Bodo, etc kitiho’n hiche Council chu ana dei pouve.
India in zalenna amu nung kum 23 gei in Manipur chu Union Territory noi ah aum zing nalai e. 1970 vel a pat chun Manipur Political Parties ho’n state pilhing muna di’n kiphinna ahin nei zing tau vin ahileh Indian Govt. in zong Manipur UT dinmun chu dopshang a State pilhing a koi ding lunggel ahin nei ta’n ahi. Langkhat ah thinglhang gam a political leaderho’n zong thinglhang mite kivaipohna ding in District Council, Autonomy Power ahin del uvin ahi.
Ministry of Home Affairs in zong Manipur statehood peh masang ngei a agamsung 87% tobang a cheng 35% thinglhang miho dinmun suhtub masat ngai a ahed jeh in, 1971 chun Autonomous District Council Act noi ah Manipur thinglhang gam chu sub-division 6 – Manipur North, Manipur South, Manipur East, Manipur West, Tengnoupal le Sadar Hills in ahin homkhen tau vin ahi. 1972 chun Manipur in statehood ahin mu ta’n, chutoh kilhon chun sub-division 6 chu Sadar sub-division tailou adangse revenue district khat cheh ahung hi tauve.
Vangsed umtah le suhmilthei-hawilou khat chu North District semtoh ding tohgon aumlai chun government vaipoho chun Kangpokpi hi north district headquarter ding a propose ana bol masatpenu ahi. Ahi’nla chulai a Kuki haosaho chun khonung ding ana muphahlou jeh un government in gam alahna ding munho chu compensation ana thum uvin ahi. Aban in Saparmeina ding in propose ana bol kit un, compensation duchadna jeh mama’n ana hithei kit tapoi. Chuphad in Nagate’n “gam compensation thum pou ving e, chule inn sahna ding in zong kithopiu ving e” tia ana thum jeh un Govt. in north district headquarter chu Senapati ana hisah tau vin ahi.
Sub-division jouse revenue district ahung hi uva, asung a chengho’n aphatchompi danu i hin mudoh phad un, Sadar sub-division zong revenue district a semdoh ding tupna’n i hung kithahpat uvin kum 36 nung in zong muphah in aum hihlai e. Aphad laitah a thil akibol lou leh khonung a semphat ahahsat dan kihilna ding a simmun phatah ahije. Phad chesa koukit theilou hita zong leh lunglhadai louva, tunia nampi’n ipi angaichad a, pan iti lahkhom a chule ahunglhung ding phadho le boinaho iti kimaitopi ding ham ti ngaito pum a mit-hah keova i um diu akiphamo tai.
Manipur govt. in nuno cha bang a ei bol jeh un, 1990 kumbul lam a pat chun Manipur thinglhang gam a Sixth Schedule umsah tei ding tupna in district tin a kon in lamkaiho’n state level in Sixth Schedule Demand Committee, Manipur ahin phutdoh tau vin ahi. Hiche hung kiphudoh lona pentah chu ahileh North Eastern India Reorganisation Act, 1972 dungjui a 1973 kum a Manipur thinglhang gam district council 6 (north, south, east, west, Tengnoupal le Sadar sub-division) sung a MDC election masapen ana um chu MDC term 2 kichai nung a Manipur govt. in District Council thaneina ana suhbei jeh ahi.
Sixth Schedule hi dei umlheh zong leh aphatmona chu Nagate toh thuneina i hung kichu diu ahi. Meijinlung Kamson in MP ahilai chun Manipur a Sixth Schedule hi Council khatbou bol ding in Centre ah memorandum ana pe’n ahi. Chule Chief Minister Rishang Keishing in Prof. Gangumei Commission ana phutdoh in District Council 4 le Regional Council 2 semdoh ding in Ministry of Home Affairs ah State Govt. recommendation ana bol kit in ahi.
Sixth Schedule kimu leh Sixth Schedule Provision noi a thinglhang gam vettup hung hi ding, State le Central Fund council khut a hung lud ding, old age pension le Indira Awaaz Yojana noi a vaichaho inn sahpehna ding zong sum kimu ding ti i hed jeh uva i dei-u ahije. Ahi’nla hiche jouse sang a gamcheng a phajo ding chu Gamtum (Zalengam/Kukiland) i nei diu hi ahi. Vannoi a hi Kukite’n gam khatbeh i nei diu hi poimo ahi’n, hichena ding a chu alen-aneo, ahao-avai, houlamkai le politician jouse’n bidoi mun khat i nei diu angai tai. Mi noi a i sod um behseh tah jeh uva eima kivaipohna (self-government) le chamlhat nop ding dan i geldoh theilouvu ahitai. Ihmut a kon khah phad ahitai.
British le France kidou khohlai chun Britishte’n ipu-ipateu chu kidouna mun a podpo a sol ding in thupeh ana nei un ahileh ana noplou jeh un Kuki Rising 1917-19 (Kuki War of Independence) anaso lo’n ahi. Britishte toh ina kidou jeh un hesoh-gentheina seijoulou – kiel le chah, nat le sat, thi le man, inn le lou tamtah suhmang in ana um in, kho 86 halmang in ana um in ahi.
Hichangei a ipu-ipateu vin chamlhat deina jeh a kum 3 gal anadou uva chule World War – II a INA toh zalen galsadna a pan ana lahkhomnau chu 1947 kum a India in chamlhat ahin mu phad in Kukite panlahna chu lekhabu neocha a zong jihlud in aum po’n ahi. Ahi’nla imacha hilou 1857 kum a Kol sepai phabep in meichang (cartridge) a vohthao/bongthao kinu thamnomlou jeh a ana kiphinnau chu India chamlhat gal khat in asim un, loupitah in abol un ahi. Chule gulpi hou milong numei Gaidinliu in gulpi neh ding a British sepai phabep ana tha chu Prof. Gangumei Kamei in joulenaal a India chamlhat galsat dan a asut leh mithupitah asohdoh ta’n ahi. Eiho thusim vang semthu panglouva adih mongmong ahi’n, khatvei leh thudih chu hung goljou tei ding ahi.
Politics lam a mit-hah masa Nagate chun Laijang khopi District Headquarters chu Tamenglong ah achonlud un, Phaisat chu 1960 in Rishang Keishing MP ahilai chun Phungyar in akhel in, Chahsat District Headquarters chu Ukhrul ah achonlud in, Chahsat zong chu Kamzong in akhel tai.
Tengnoupal District Headquarter chu 1974 kum in Chief Minister Rishang Keishing le H.T. Thungam in Chandel mun ah ana chonlud lhon in, Kukiho le (old) Kukiho chu akivetda teina diu vin ana khen uvin, Chandel District in aminvo kit uvin ahi. Hiche jouva pat chun Chandel District sung a (old) Kukiho chu Tangkhul-Nagaho’n atilse uvin, joulenal in akinepsah un, meipum toh suto’n Naga ana pomsah uvin, Kuki le Kuki eina kidousah un ahi. Chuche bep hilou vin Lamka lang a sopi phabep lah a zong muchi phalou ana tu uvin, ‘Kuki ka hi pouve’ ti’n thuso ana bolsah uvin ahi.
Hiche kahlah a chun NSCN(IM)ho’n mi 900 val ei that kit un, 40000 tobang chenna-gena neilou vin mi liim bel in i um un ahi. Hitobang tah a Nampi dinmun alhahniem pedtah chun, mi tamtah in Kuki kiti ding jeng zong jachadna’n anagel uvin, tamtah in ana jamsan uvin ahi. Ahi’nla nampi dinmun hi alhaniem e, tia donlouva jamsan jeng lou lamkai tomngai phabep tompan jal in amangthah deh poi.
Mi’n Kuki a kiloikhomna adalhah a namdang abel leh datmo ding ahipoi. Tulai hi mi’n kihinsona ding le phatchomna dia ahad le aboltheithei abel mong ahi. October 4, 1957 chun Russiate’n Rocket masapen Sputnik-I, leised velkol ding a ana kapdoh lai chun Indiate chu ‘Khaini iti kibol leh tui ding ham’ ti bou ngaito nalai ahiuve. Ahi’nla Russia chu chulai a aboltheipen ahinau toh kilhon chun Indiate’n zong kinepna lentah neipum in ana kipelud tau vin ahi. Ahi’nla Russia ahung kezah a US ahung had phad in vannoi in USte chu ‘hepu, hepu’ ahin ti kit tau vin ahi.
August 2001 chun Zomi Council Chairman Pu L.B. Sona le Secretary Pu M. Lamboi in Manipur a development fund alhunna ding lhunglouva akiheikoi zing lunglhailou hedsahna le Zomiho political autonomy peh ding ngehna’n chulai a Union Home Minister L.K. Advani aga kimupi lhon in ahi. Zomi lamkai teni chun 1978 lai chun Manipur Zomi nam 22 chenna hopsung chu Union Territory pehna di’n chulai a Prime Minister Morarji Desai kom ah ngehna akinei in, 1980 in zong Zomiho ding Union Territory ngehna chu Prime Minister Indira Gandhi kom ah memorandum ana kipe kit in ahi. 1984 chun zong Zomi National Congress min in Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi kom ah Zogam Union Territory ana kingeh kit in, 1987 chun Manipur a Tribal chenna jouse a Sixth Schedule umsahnsa di’n memorandum ana kipe’n, 1990 chun Zomi Democratic Front le United Tribal Organisation in Sixth Schedule Demand Committee ana kiphutdoh in, hiche a kon chun phadtin in memorandum akipe zing in, nahsah in ei kinei pouve, ti’n ahedsah lhon in ahi. Ahi’nla L.K. Advani chun “Zomi ka hekha poi, K. Padmanabhaiah toh kihou un” ti’n ana seipeh in ahi.
Nomenclature ijad kithahsem hen lang, min ngeingei kisah zong leu hen, Kuki tailou ei gomkhom thei diu min dang aum poi. Vannoi in zong ei hednau min ahi’n, i phungvuh uva ahileh ga tamtah ahin sodoh ding ahije. Kuki Inpi Constitution hi phatah a akijui leh kivaipoh dan hung kitup ding, iham ti’n gamtum muna ding hung nailam thut taleh, kivaipoh dan themsa i hi diu, khel ding le semphat ding tam talou ding ahi.
Mi’n Kuki a kiloikhomna adalhah leh i pona uvin ahi. Ahi’nla achung a kisunho jeh a hi koima’n Kukite chung a kinepna aneilou ahi. Ama le ama zong kihuh joulou chu ko’nba abel teitei a, thilpha chan ding kinepna anei mong ding ham! Gamleng a na che chu sa na hin poh leh miho chu ‘hung uvo’ tia kou ngailou ahi. Amavang sa na hin lhutlou leh ipi ahung kihol diu ham?
KNO in hangsan tah a ‘Kuki ah hung kinungle kit tau vin, Naga thingnoimiho khut a kon in na huh nau ving e’ tia agol jeh un, Chandel gamkai a Naga ana kisohsa i sopihou chun alunggelu ahin khel pan un, 1997 Moreh Kut chun ahung lha pan tau vin, ahi’nla anunglhun un NSCN(IM) ho’n jep-etin ajep un ahi. Khoibu le Maringho’n December 2007 chun ‘Keiho zong Kuki ka hi bou uve’ ti’n ahin phongdoh tau vin, chutoh kilhon chun underground organisation United Old Kuki Liberation Army kitiho’n KNO anabel tauve.
Chuin amaho banzom in November 2008 chun PAKAN ARMY kiti Anal, Moyon-Monshang, Chothe, Tarao le Lamkang kiloikhomna chun zong KNO ahin bel kit uvin, hiche toh kilhon chun Chandel District a um jouse Kuki ahi tauve. Chule Churachandpur a tribe 7 in zong KNO a kiloikhomna apom tauve.
Underground organisationho’n Kuki a kiloikhomna hin bel zong leu, amipi lungsung hi minloulai ahi jeh in, Kuki civil societies ho’n ipi bol a namdet loi ding ham ti hi i gel cheh diu vin dei aum in ahi. Kuki na hi tauve tia dominate bol ding vang hipo’n tin, kiphalam louva i lah uva alhat theina diuva kipapina khat bol ding aphai. I sopiu sodtah gammang hung kilekit chu chapa vahmangpa bang a chu liemna le lopna bolpeh a kilom ahi. Chutileh ka sopite hin ei ngailu mong nauve ti ahedchet uva, lungmong ding ahiuve. NSCN(IM)ho’n hunam a Naga ana sosah-u chu hatah a i lainatpiu ahi’n, ahung kinungle uva ‘Kuki ka hiuve’ ahin tithei kit uva ahileh, hachangpa i kipapi lou diu ham?
Nampi dinmun a hi khat in thilpha ahin boldoh leh kipapi a kitosotto angai in ahi. Chandel District a i sopihou vin KNO abel tah uva ahileh Kuki sung a kiloikhomna dangdang – Kuki Inpi, Kuki Women, Kuki Movement for Human Rights, KSO, Houbung chule mimal cheh in namdetna i bol diu ahi. Pu T. Lunkim in Kuki Inpi le Kuki Movement for Human Rights a pan ana lah tillai chun mi tamtah in “itia nang houlamkai hitobangho a hi na kisahlel ham?” ti’n ana oimobol thim uvin ahi.
India in chamlhat ana del lai a miho lungsung suthoupen chu houlamkaiho – Swami Vivekanand, Swami Dayanand le Raja Ram Mohan Roy ahiuve. Amaho panlahna jal a chu milen-milal tamtah in chamlhat delna chu ahin tosot panu ahije. Kuki Inpi, KSO le Houbung in pan i lahkhom diu akiphamo tai.
Houbung pilhing (KCC, KBC, ECA, etc) kitiho hin ahithei leh amun amun ah shool phutdoh-u hen lang, Pathen thu toh kikot in chapangho khoukhah leu, chihna jengseh hilouva umchan-khanchan le huhhingna akimu uva, missionary field phatah ahung hi ding ginchad aum in ahi. Catholic houbung umlouna munho a bon a school hou alolhin thei leh, imi-isa lah a chu i lolhin tei diu ahi. Eiho lah a school tamtah alolhin theilouna hi mimal in abol jeh ahi’n, alunglud laise leh achehoi vang a alungludlou teng leh thidoh ji ahitai. Society in abolho vang lhasam theilou ahi.
Mi masa Pu Ngulhao Thomsong in 1920s lai a Anal-Kukiho lah ah Pathen na anatoh chu aban zomtheina ding phad ahunglhung ta’n, Tangkhul missionary ho’n kivetdana muchi anatuu chu i suhmang diu angai e. October 19, 2008 ni chun Anal ho’n Holy Bible masapen release abol uvin, ahi’nla akiloikhomnau min a Anal-Naga Baptist Association atiu chu lainat aum lheh e.
Thil ijakai in phad anei cheh e (Ecc. 3:1-8)
Pen phad aum in, thi phad aum e
Thing phu phad aum in, bodoh phad aum e
Tha phad aum in, boldam phad aum e
Phedlhah phad aum in, sahdoh phad aum e
Ka phad aum in, nui phad zong aum e
Lunghem phad aum in, laam phad aum e
Song sethaang phad aum in, lokhom phad aum e
Kikoichah phad aum in, kilhakang phad aum e
Pon bo-eh phad aum in, khuibit phad aum e
Kilungsed phad aum in, kihod phad aum e
Gal kisad phad aum in, kicham phad aum e
State neisa i sopihou – Nagaland le Mizoram khu i vet leh gam ningchong a chengho jeng zong pucca road akhosung uva kilhunglud a, thinglhang khoho jeng zong langva inn pah thethu jeng ahi. Eiho hi agenthei ding mong le avai kumkho dia laitan zong i hi deh pou vin, Manipur govt. in donlou-dailouva ei koi uva, nuno cha bang a ei bol jeh uva genthei bou i hiuve.
Gam leised achul teltul ta’n, loulho a kihinsona ding ahahsa ta’n, thing-le-go zong tukal kum 20 jou leh i tuhchai diu dinmun ahitai. Manipur govt. zong moh mosah thei ahilouna chu Central govt. in sum ijad ahin peh vang a overdraft in kichaitih neilou, aneopen a pat alenpen chan in govt. sum nehdohna ding jeng ahol ahi’n, thinglhang mite’n hoilang koi deimo ba i kilah uva i ninglhin diu ham!
State khat a hin kumseh leh govt. a kon in tohmun ong asangsang aum zing in, chule govt. in scheme tamtahtah ape zing in, hijeh chun inchen-louchen akhangtou in ahi. India mite chu British vaihomna noi a aumlai un hamphatna chanvou achanlou jeh un gamphalailai le gamgasoh jouse Britishte kom ah akitundoh un, hijeh chun inchen-louchen lam ah hatah in alhasuh un, 1854-1901 sung chun kiel le chah jeh in mihem 29 million tobang anathiu vin ahi. Kukite’n zong gamtum i nei uva, i kiduodoh loi louvu leh hitobang dinmun chu gamlalou ahitai.
Mihem pun dungjui in sumlepai, nehlechah chule natohna ahung hahsa chehcheh ta’n, sumkolveina thei umsun Moreh (International Free Trade Centre) i nei-u hi Meilheite le Marwariho khut a kon a chan ding dan lungthim i nei diu angai e. Mijouse’n political consciousness i hin nei tengu leh Revolutionary movement hi hung had in tin, hung lamzang ding ahi.
Mitin in panlahna thei chan a pan i lah uva achehchaosa jouse hi i kaihoi kit diu ahi. Tam le lhom jeh a state neithei ding le neitheilou ding tia chomkhenna aum deh po’n, kilungtoh tah a pan i lahkhom uva i gamsungu hi India govt. kom a state in ei sempeh uvin tia i ngeh diu bou ahi’n, mi gam gachu a kidou ding ngaito i hi pouve.
Kukite hi phunggui sudte i hiu vin, ahi’nla phung le chang i sei-u hi kilangkhenna ding le innsung kihuitupna ding ahipoi. Phung le chang hi ipu-ipa hung konna hedna a man ding ahi’n, kichomhuina ding le kingailut tumna ding ahipoi.
Kuki a kiloikhomna hin koikoi ahop ham ti i hedchetna diu vin Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, Nagaland le Manipur a Kuki sung a tribe list gah veu hite:
Assam: In the autonomous district:
1. Chakma,
2. Dimasa, Kachari,
3. Garo,
4. Hajong,
5 Hmar
6. Khasi, Jaintia, Synteng, Phar, War Bhoi, Lyngngam.
7. Any Kuki tribes including:
i. Biate, Biete ii. Changsan iii. Chongloi iv. Doungel v. Gamlhou
vi. Gangte vii. Guite viii. Hanneng ix. Haokip, Haopit x. Haolai
xi. Hengna xii. Hangsing xiii. Hrangkawal, Rangkhol xiv. Jongbe xv. Khawchung
xvi. Khawathlang xvii. Khelma xviii. Kholhou xix. Kipgen xx. Kuki
xxi. Lenthang xxii. Lhangum xxiii. Lhoujem xxiv. Lhouvum xxv. Lupheng
xxvi. Mangjel xxvii. Misao xxviii. Riang xxix. Sairhem xxx. Selnam
xxxi. Singson xxxii. Sitlhou xxxiii. Sukte xxxiv. Thadou xxxv. Thangngeo
xxxvi. Uibuh xxxvii. Vaiphei
8. Lakher,
9. Man (Tai speaking),
10. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes,
11. Mikir,
12. Any Naga tribes,
13. Pawai,
14. Synthemg.
Meghalaya:
1. Chakma,
2. Dimasa,
3. Garo,
4. Hajong,
5. Hmar,
6. Khasi, Jaintia, Synteng, Pnar War; Bhoi, Lyngngam.
7. Any Kuki tribes including
i. Biate, Biete ii. Changsan iii. Chongloi iv. Doungel v. Gamlhou
vi. Gangte vii. Guite viii. Hanneng ix. Haokip, Haopit x. Haolai
xi. Hengna xii. Hangsing xiii. Hrangkawal, Rangkhol xiv. Jongbe xv. Khawchung
xvi. Khawathlang, Khothanlong xvii. Khelma xviii. Kholhou xix. Kipgen xx. Kuki
xxi. Lenthang xxii. Lhangum xxiii. Lhoujem xxiv. Lhouvum xxv. Lupheng
xxvi. Mangjel xxvii. Misao xxviii. Riang xxix. Sairhem xxx. Selnam
xxxi. Singson xxxii. Sitlhou xxxiii. Sukte xxxiv. Thadou xxxv. Thangngeo
xxxvi. Uibuh xxxvii. Vaiphei
8. Lakher,
9. Man (Tai speaking),
10. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes.
11. Mikir,
12. Any Naga tribes,
13. Pawi,
14. Synteng Khotha,
15. Boro-Kacharies,
16. Koch,
17. Raba, Rava.
Tripura:
1. Bhil,
2. Bhutia,
3. Chaimal,
4. Chakma,
5. Garoo,
6. Halem,
7. Jamatia,
8. Khasi,
9. Kuki including the following sub-tribes:
i. Balte ii. Belalhut iii. Chhalaya iv. Fun v. Hajango
vi. Jangtei vii. Khareng viii. Khephong ix. Kuntei x. Laifang
xi. Lentei xii. Mizel xiii. Namte xiv. Paitu, Paite xv. Rangchan
xvi. Rangkhol xvii. Thangluya
10. Lepcha 11. Lushai 12. Mag 13. Munda, Kaur 14. Noatia 15. Orang 16. Riang 17. Santal 18. Tripura, Tripuri, त्रिप्पेरा
Mizoram:
1. Chakma,
2. Dimasa (Kachari),
3. Garo,
4. Hajong,
5. Hmar,
6. Khasi and Jaintia (Including Khasi Synten or Phar, War Bhoi or Lyngngam.
7. Any Kuki tribes including:-
i. Baite, Biete ii. Changsan iii. Chongloi iv. Doungel v. Gamlhou
vi. Gangte vii. Guite viii. Hanneng ix. Haokip, Haupit x. Haolai
xi. Hengna xii. Hangsing xiii. Hrangkawal, Rangkhol xiv. Jongbe xv. Khawchung
xvi. Khawathlang, Khothanlong xvii. Khelma xviii. Kholhou xix. Kipgen xx. Kuki
xxi. Lenthang xxii. Lhangum xxiii. Lhoujem xxiv. Lhouvum xxv. Lupheng
xxvi. Mangjel xxvii. Misao xxviii. Riang xxix. Sairhem xxx. Selnam
xxxi. Singson xxxii. Sitlhou xxxiii. Sukte xxxiv. Thadou xxxv. Thangngeo
xxxvi. Uibuh xxxvii. Vaiphei
8. Lakher,
9. Man (Tai speaking)
10. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes,
11. Mikir,
12. Any Naga tribes,
13. Pawi,
14. Synteng.
Nagaland:
Naga
Kuki
Kachari
Mikir
Garo
Manipur:
1. Aimol 2. Anal 3. Angami 4. Chiru 5. Chothe
6. Gangte 7. Hmar 8. Kabui 9. Kacha Naga 10. Koirao
11. Koireng 12. Kom 13. Lamgang 14. Mao 15. Maram
16. Maring 17. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes 18. Monsang 19. Moyon 20. Paite
21. Purum 22. Ralte 23. Sema 24. Simte 25. Suhte
26. Tangkhul 27. Thadou 28. Vaiphei 29. Zou 30. Poumai Naga
31. Kharam 32. Tarao 33. Any Kuki Tribes
Nei thahsem kit tau vin O thaneipen Pathen! (Ps. 80:7)
Dated : New Delhi.
The 10th December, 2008
Manipur gam hi 1891 kum chun British khutnoi ah ahung um pan in, ahi’nla phaicham kivaipohna chu Manipur Darbar ana pehdoh vang un, thinglhang gam chu amaho vaipohna noi ah ana koi uvin ahi. Kivaipohna phatah le kituptah a achelhah theina ding in Manipur thinglhang gam jouse chu sub-division ni in ana khen uvin, khat chu North-east atiu vin, chule anina chu South-east ana hisah uvin ahi. North-east in ahop chu Ukhrul gamkai se le Mao-Maram changei ana hi’n, chule South-east chun Tamenglong le Churachandpur gamkai ana hop in ahi.
Hiche phadlai chun transport & communication ana hoi po’n, thinglhang gam jouse a kituptah a vaipoh ding ana hahsat jeh chun 1833 kum chun J.C. Higgins (chulai a British Political Agent) in sub-division khat ana sembe’n Sadar ana sah in ahi. Sadar chu Urdu pao ahi’n, headquarter tina ahi. Hiche Sadar sub-division in ahop chu phai (Imphal) a pat nikhat a lhunnathei thinglhang gam jouse chu anahi. Manipur chu Indian Union a lahlud ahung hi phad in chulai a Chief Commissioner Hemat Singh in 1951 kum chun Sadar sub-division headquarter di’n Kangpokpi ana hisah tai.
1947 kum a India in zalenna ahin mu chun Northeastern Region a um nam tamtah, pao le chondan kibanglouho hi Kol-le-vaiho’n a zalennau lahpeh a achung uva aning-anop uva avaihomkhum diu venna in Indian Parliament in Bordoloi Commission ana phutdoh in, hiche Commission Recommendation dungjui chun 1952 chun Special Provision for Assam State ti’n Sixth Schedule for the Protection of Tribals passed ana bol tauve.
Assam gamsung a Mizo(Lushai), Garo, Khasi & Jaintia, North Cachar le Mikir Hills ho’n hiche provision chu ana dei jeh un Autonomous District Council ahin nei tauve. Ahi’nla chulai a Assam gam a Tribal dangho – Naga Hills, Manipur Hills, Bodo, etc kitiho’n hiche Council chu ana dei pouve.
India in zalenna amu nung kum 23 gei in Manipur chu Union Territory noi ah aum zing nalai e. 1970 vel a pat chun Manipur Political Parties ho’n state pilhing muna di’n kiphinna ahin nei zing tau vin ahileh Indian Govt. in zong Manipur UT dinmun chu dopshang a State pilhing a koi ding lunggel ahin nei ta’n ahi. Langkhat ah thinglhang gam a political leaderho’n zong thinglhang mite kivaipohna ding in District Council, Autonomy Power ahin del uvin ahi.
Ministry of Home Affairs in zong Manipur statehood peh masang ngei a agamsung 87% tobang a cheng 35% thinglhang miho dinmun suhtub masat ngai a ahed jeh in, 1971 chun Autonomous District Council Act noi ah Manipur thinglhang gam chu sub-division 6 – Manipur North, Manipur South, Manipur East, Manipur West, Tengnoupal le Sadar Hills in ahin homkhen tau vin ahi. 1972 chun Manipur in statehood ahin mu ta’n, chutoh kilhon chun sub-division 6 chu Sadar sub-division tailou adangse revenue district khat cheh ahung hi tauve.
Vangsed umtah le suhmilthei-hawilou khat chu North District semtoh ding tohgon aumlai chun government vaipoho chun Kangpokpi hi north district headquarter ding a propose ana bol masatpenu ahi. Ahi’nla chulai a Kuki haosaho chun khonung ding ana muphahlou jeh un government in gam alahna ding munho chu compensation ana thum uvin ahi. Aban in Saparmeina ding in propose ana bol kit un, compensation duchadna jeh mama’n ana hithei kit tapoi. Chuphad in Nagate’n “gam compensation thum pou ving e, chule inn sahna ding in zong kithopiu ving e” tia ana thum jeh un Govt. in north district headquarter chu Senapati ana hisah tau vin ahi.
Sub-division jouse revenue district ahung hi uva, asung a chengho’n aphatchompi danu i hin mudoh phad un, Sadar sub-division zong revenue district a semdoh ding tupna’n i hung kithahpat uvin kum 36 nung in zong muphah in aum hihlai e. Aphad laitah a thil akibol lou leh khonung a semphat ahahsat dan kihilna ding a simmun phatah ahije. Phad chesa koukit theilou hita zong leh lunglhadai louva, tunia nampi’n ipi angaichad a, pan iti lahkhom a chule ahunglhung ding phadho le boinaho iti kimaitopi ding ham ti ngaito pum a mit-hah keova i um diu akiphamo tai.
Manipur govt. in nuno cha bang a ei bol jeh un, 1990 kumbul lam a pat chun Manipur thinglhang gam a Sixth Schedule umsah tei ding tupna in district tin a kon in lamkaiho’n state level in Sixth Schedule Demand Committee, Manipur ahin phutdoh tau vin ahi. Hiche hung kiphudoh lona pentah chu ahileh North Eastern India Reorganisation Act, 1972 dungjui a 1973 kum a Manipur thinglhang gam district council 6 (north, south, east, west, Tengnoupal le Sadar sub-division) sung a MDC election masapen ana um chu MDC term 2 kichai nung a Manipur govt. in District Council thaneina ana suhbei jeh ahi.
Sixth Schedule hi dei umlheh zong leh aphatmona chu Nagate toh thuneina i hung kichu diu ahi. Meijinlung Kamson in MP ahilai chun Manipur a Sixth Schedule hi Council khatbou bol ding in Centre ah memorandum ana pe’n ahi. Chule Chief Minister Rishang Keishing in Prof. Gangumei Commission ana phutdoh in District Council 4 le Regional Council 2 semdoh ding in Ministry of Home Affairs ah State Govt. recommendation ana bol kit in ahi.
Sixth Schedule kimu leh Sixth Schedule Provision noi a thinglhang gam vettup hung hi ding, State le Central Fund council khut a hung lud ding, old age pension le Indira Awaaz Yojana noi a vaichaho inn sahpehna ding zong sum kimu ding ti i hed jeh uva i dei-u ahije. Ahi’nla hiche jouse sang a gamcheng a phajo ding chu Gamtum (Zalengam/Kukiland) i nei diu hi ahi. Vannoi a hi Kukite’n gam khatbeh i nei diu hi poimo ahi’n, hichena ding a chu alen-aneo, ahao-avai, houlamkai le politician jouse’n bidoi mun khat i nei diu angai tai. Mi noi a i sod um behseh tah jeh uva eima kivaipohna (self-government) le chamlhat nop ding dan i geldoh theilouvu ahitai. Ihmut a kon khah phad ahitai.
British le France kidou khohlai chun Britishte’n ipu-ipateu chu kidouna mun a podpo a sol ding in thupeh ana nei un ahileh ana noplou jeh un Kuki Rising 1917-19 (Kuki War of Independence) anaso lo’n ahi. Britishte toh ina kidou jeh un hesoh-gentheina seijoulou – kiel le chah, nat le sat, thi le man, inn le lou tamtah suhmang in ana um in, kho 86 halmang in ana um in ahi.
Hichangei a ipu-ipateu vin chamlhat deina jeh a kum 3 gal anadou uva chule World War – II a INA toh zalen galsadna a pan ana lahkhomnau chu 1947 kum a India in chamlhat ahin mu phad in Kukite panlahna chu lekhabu neocha a zong jihlud in aum po’n ahi. Ahi’nla imacha hilou 1857 kum a Kol sepai phabep in meichang (cartridge) a vohthao/bongthao kinu thamnomlou jeh a ana kiphinnau chu India chamlhat gal khat in asim un, loupitah in abol un ahi. Chule gulpi hou milong numei Gaidinliu in gulpi neh ding a British sepai phabep ana tha chu Prof. Gangumei Kamei in joulenaal a India chamlhat galsat dan a asut leh mithupitah asohdoh ta’n ahi. Eiho thusim vang semthu panglouva adih mongmong ahi’n, khatvei leh thudih chu hung goljou tei ding ahi.
Politics lam a mit-hah masa Nagate chun Laijang khopi District Headquarters chu Tamenglong ah achonlud un, Phaisat chu 1960 in Rishang Keishing MP ahilai chun Phungyar in akhel in, Chahsat District Headquarters chu Ukhrul ah achonlud in, Chahsat zong chu Kamzong in akhel tai.
Tengnoupal District Headquarter chu 1974 kum in Chief Minister Rishang Keishing le H.T. Thungam in Chandel mun ah ana chonlud lhon in, Kukiho le (old) Kukiho chu akivetda teina diu vin ana khen uvin, Chandel District in aminvo kit uvin ahi. Hiche jouva pat chun Chandel District sung a (old) Kukiho chu Tangkhul-Nagaho’n atilse uvin, joulenal in akinepsah un, meipum toh suto’n Naga ana pomsah uvin, Kuki le Kuki eina kidousah un ahi. Chuche bep hilou vin Lamka lang a sopi phabep lah a zong muchi phalou ana tu uvin, ‘Kuki ka hi pouve’ ti’n thuso ana bolsah uvin ahi.
Hiche kahlah a chun NSCN(IM)ho’n mi 900 val ei that kit un, 40000 tobang chenna-gena neilou vin mi liim bel in i um un ahi. Hitobang tah a Nampi dinmun alhahniem pedtah chun, mi tamtah in Kuki kiti ding jeng zong jachadna’n anagel uvin, tamtah in ana jamsan uvin ahi. Ahi’nla nampi dinmun hi alhaniem e, tia donlouva jamsan jeng lou lamkai tomngai phabep tompan jal in amangthah deh poi.
Mi’n Kuki a kiloikhomna adalhah a namdang abel leh datmo ding ahipoi. Tulai hi mi’n kihinsona ding le phatchomna dia ahad le aboltheithei abel mong ahi. October 4, 1957 chun Russiate’n Rocket masapen Sputnik-I, leised velkol ding a ana kapdoh lai chun Indiate chu ‘Khaini iti kibol leh tui ding ham’ ti bou ngaito nalai ahiuve. Ahi’nla Russia chu chulai a aboltheipen ahinau toh kilhon chun Indiate’n zong kinepna lentah neipum in ana kipelud tau vin ahi. Ahi’nla Russia ahung kezah a US ahung had phad in vannoi in USte chu ‘hepu, hepu’ ahin ti kit tau vin ahi.
August 2001 chun Zomi Council Chairman Pu L.B. Sona le Secretary Pu M. Lamboi in Manipur a development fund alhunna ding lhunglouva akiheikoi zing lunglhailou hedsahna le Zomiho political autonomy peh ding ngehna’n chulai a Union Home Minister L.K. Advani aga kimupi lhon in ahi. Zomi lamkai teni chun 1978 lai chun Manipur Zomi nam 22 chenna hopsung chu Union Territory pehna di’n chulai a Prime Minister Morarji Desai kom ah ngehna akinei in, 1980 in zong Zomiho ding Union Territory ngehna chu Prime Minister Indira Gandhi kom ah memorandum ana kipe kit in ahi. 1984 chun zong Zomi National Congress min in Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi kom ah Zogam Union Territory ana kingeh kit in, 1987 chun Manipur a Tribal chenna jouse a Sixth Schedule umsahnsa di’n memorandum ana kipe’n, 1990 chun Zomi Democratic Front le United Tribal Organisation in Sixth Schedule Demand Committee ana kiphutdoh in, hiche a kon chun phadtin in memorandum akipe zing in, nahsah in ei kinei pouve, ti’n ahedsah lhon in ahi. Ahi’nla L.K. Advani chun “Zomi ka hekha poi, K. Padmanabhaiah toh kihou un” ti’n ana seipeh in ahi.
Nomenclature ijad kithahsem hen lang, min ngeingei kisah zong leu hen, Kuki tailou ei gomkhom thei diu min dang aum poi. Vannoi in zong ei hednau min ahi’n, i phungvuh uva ahileh ga tamtah ahin sodoh ding ahije. Kuki Inpi Constitution hi phatah a akijui leh kivaipoh dan hung kitup ding, iham ti’n gamtum muna ding hung nailam thut taleh, kivaipoh dan themsa i hi diu, khel ding le semphat ding tam talou ding ahi.
Mi’n Kuki a kiloikhomna adalhah leh i pona uvin ahi. Ahi’nla achung a kisunho jeh a hi koima’n Kukite chung a kinepna aneilou ahi. Ama le ama zong kihuh joulou chu ko’nba abel teitei a, thilpha chan ding kinepna anei mong ding ham! Gamleng a na che chu sa na hin poh leh miho chu ‘hung uvo’ tia kou ngailou ahi. Amavang sa na hin lhutlou leh ipi ahung kihol diu ham?
KNO in hangsan tah a ‘Kuki ah hung kinungle kit tau vin, Naga thingnoimiho khut a kon in na huh nau ving e’ tia agol jeh un, Chandel gamkai a Naga ana kisohsa i sopihou chun alunggelu ahin khel pan un, 1997 Moreh Kut chun ahung lha pan tau vin, ahi’nla anunglhun un NSCN(IM) ho’n jep-etin ajep un ahi. Khoibu le Maringho’n December 2007 chun ‘Keiho zong Kuki ka hi bou uve’ ti’n ahin phongdoh tau vin, chutoh kilhon chun underground organisation United Old Kuki Liberation Army kitiho’n KNO anabel tauve.
Chuin amaho banzom in November 2008 chun PAKAN ARMY kiti Anal, Moyon-Monshang, Chothe, Tarao le Lamkang kiloikhomna chun zong KNO ahin bel kit uvin, hiche toh kilhon chun Chandel District a um jouse Kuki ahi tauve. Chule Churachandpur a tribe 7 in zong KNO a kiloikhomna apom tauve.
Underground organisationho’n Kuki a kiloikhomna hin bel zong leu, amipi lungsung hi minloulai ahi jeh in, Kuki civil societies ho’n ipi bol a namdet loi ding ham ti hi i gel cheh diu vin dei aum in ahi. Kuki na hi tauve tia dominate bol ding vang hipo’n tin, kiphalam louva i lah uva alhat theina diuva kipapina khat bol ding aphai. I sopiu sodtah gammang hung kilekit chu chapa vahmangpa bang a chu liemna le lopna bolpeh a kilom ahi. Chutileh ka sopite hin ei ngailu mong nauve ti ahedchet uva, lungmong ding ahiuve. NSCN(IM)ho’n hunam a Naga ana sosah-u chu hatah a i lainatpiu ahi’n, ahung kinungle uva ‘Kuki ka hiuve’ ahin tithei kit uva ahileh, hachangpa i kipapi lou diu ham?
Nampi dinmun a hi khat in thilpha ahin boldoh leh kipapi a kitosotto angai in ahi. Chandel District a i sopihou vin KNO abel tah uva ahileh Kuki sung a kiloikhomna dangdang – Kuki Inpi, Kuki Women, Kuki Movement for Human Rights, KSO, Houbung chule mimal cheh in namdetna i bol diu ahi. Pu T. Lunkim in Kuki Inpi le Kuki Movement for Human Rights a pan ana lah tillai chun mi tamtah in “itia nang houlamkai hitobangho a hi na kisahlel ham?” ti’n ana oimobol thim uvin ahi.
India in chamlhat ana del lai a miho lungsung suthoupen chu houlamkaiho – Swami Vivekanand, Swami Dayanand le Raja Ram Mohan Roy ahiuve. Amaho panlahna jal a chu milen-milal tamtah in chamlhat delna chu ahin tosot panu ahije. Kuki Inpi, KSO le Houbung in pan i lahkhom diu akiphamo tai.
Houbung pilhing (KCC, KBC, ECA, etc) kitiho hin ahithei leh amun amun ah shool phutdoh-u hen lang, Pathen thu toh kikot in chapangho khoukhah leu, chihna jengseh hilouva umchan-khanchan le huhhingna akimu uva, missionary field phatah ahung hi ding ginchad aum in ahi. Catholic houbung umlouna munho a bon a school hou alolhin thei leh, imi-isa lah a chu i lolhin tei diu ahi. Eiho lah a school tamtah alolhin theilouna hi mimal in abol jeh ahi’n, alunglud laise leh achehoi vang a alungludlou teng leh thidoh ji ahitai. Society in abolho vang lhasam theilou ahi.
Mi masa Pu Ngulhao Thomsong in 1920s lai a Anal-Kukiho lah ah Pathen na anatoh chu aban zomtheina ding phad ahunglhung ta’n, Tangkhul missionary ho’n kivetdana muchi anatuu chu i suhmang diu angai e. October 19, 2008 ni chun Anal ho’n Holy Bible masapen release abol uvin, ahi’nla akiloikhomnau min a Anal-Naga Baptist Association atiu chu lainat aum lheh e.
Thil ijakai in phad anei cheh e (Ecc. 3:1-8)
Pen phad aum in, thi phad aum e
Thing phu phad aum in, bodoh phad aum e
Tha phad aum in, boldam phad aum e
Phedlhah phad aum in, sahdoh phad aum e
Ka phad aum in, nui phad zong aum e
Lunghem phad aum in, laam phad aum e
Song sethaang phad aum in, lokhom phad aum e
Kikoichah phad aum in, kilhakang phad aum e
Pon bo-eh phad aum in, khuibit phad aum e
Kilungsed phad aum in, kihod phad aum e
Gal kisad phad aum in, kicham phad aum e
State neisa i sopihou – Nagaland le Mizoram khu i vet leh gam ningchong a chengho jeng zong pucca road akhosung uva kilhunglud a, thinglhang khoho jeng zong langva inn pah thethu jeng ahi. Eiho hi agenthei ding mong le avai kumkho dia laitan zong i hi deh pou vin, Manipur govt. in donlou-dailouva ei koi uva, nuno cha bang a ei bol jeh uva genthei bou i hiuve.
Gam leised achul teltul ta’n, loulho a kihinsona ding ahahsa ta’n, thing-le-go zong tukal kum 20 jou leh i tuhchai diu dinmun ahitai. Manipur govt. zong moh mosah thei ahilouna chu Central govt. in sum ijad ahin peh vang a overdraft in kichaitih neilou, aneopen a pat alenpen chan in govt. sum nehdohna ding jeng ahol ahi’n, thinglhang mite’n hoilang koi deimo ba i kilah uva i ninglhin diu ham!
State khat a hin kumseh leh govt. a kon in tohmun ong asangsang aum zing in, chule govt. in scheme tamtahtah ape zing in, hijeh chun inchen-louchen akhangtou in ahi. India mite chu British vaihomna noi a aumlai un hamphatna chanvou achanlou jeh un gamphalailai le gamgasoh jouse Britishte kom ah akitundoh un, hijeh chun inchen-louchen lam ah hatah in alhasuh un, 1854-1901 sung chun kiel le chah jeh in mihem 29 million tobang anathiu vin ahi. Kukite’n zong gamtum i nei uva, i kiduodoh loi louvu leh hitobang dinmun chu gamlalou ahitai.
Mihem pun dungjui in sumlepai, nehlechah chule natohna ahung hahsa chehcheh ta’n, sumkolveina thei umsun Moreh (International Free Trade Centre) i nei-u hi Meilheite le Marwariho khut a kon a chan ding dan lungthim i nei diu angai e. Mijouse’n political consciousness i hin nei tengu leh Revolutionary movement hi hung had in tin, hung lamzang ding ahi.
Mitin in panlahna thei chan a pan i lah uva achehchaosa jouse hi i kaihoi kit diu ahi. Tam le lhom jeh a state neithei ding le neitheilou ding tia chomkhenna aum deh po’n, kilungtoh tah a pan i lahkhom uva i gamsungu hi India govt. kom a state in ei sempeh uvin tia i ngeh diu bou ahi’n, mi gam gachu a kidou ding ngaito i hi pouve.
Kukite hi phunggui sudte i hiu vin, ahi’nla phung le chang i sei-u hi kilangkhenna ding le innsung kihuitupna ding ahipoi. Phung le chang hi ipu-ipa hung konna hedna a man ding ahi’n, kichomhuina ding le kingailut tumna ding ahipoi.
Kuki a kiloikhomna hin koikoi ahop ham ti i hedchetna diu vin Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, Nagaland le Manipur a Kuki sung a tribe list gah veu hite:
Assam: In the autonomous district:
1. Chakma,
2. Dimasa, Kachari,
3. Garo,
4. Hajong,
5 Hmar
6. Khasi, Jaintia, Synteng, Phar, War Bhoi, Lyngngam.
7. Any Kuki tribes including:
i. Biate, Biete ii. Changsan iii. Chongloi iv. Doungel v. Gamlhou
vi. Gangte vii. Guite viii. Hanneng ix. Haokip, Haopit x. Haolai
xi. Hengna xii. Hangsing xiii. Hrangkawal, Rangkhol xiv. Jongbe xv. Khawchung
xvi. Khawathlang xvii. Khelma xviii. Kholhou xix. Kipgen xx. Kuki
xxi. Lenthang xxii. Lhangum xxiii. Lhoujem xxiv. Lhouvum xxv. Lupheng
xxvi. Mangjel xxvii. Misao xxviii. Riang xxix. Sairhem xxx. Selnam
xxxi. Singson xxxii. Sitlhou xxxiii. Sukte xxxiv. Thadou xxxv. Thangngeo
xxxvi. Uibuh xxxvii. Vaiphei
8. Lakher,
9. Man (Tai speaking),
10. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes,
11. Mikir,
12. Any Naga tribes,
13. Pawai,
14. Synthemg.
Meghalaya:
1. Chakma,
2. Dimasa,
3. Garo,
4. Hajong,
5. Hmar,
6. Khasi, Jaintia, Synteng, Pnar War; Bhoi, Lyngngam.
7. Any Kuki tribes including
i. Biate, Biete ii. Changsan iii. Chongloi iv. Doungel v. Gamlhou
vi. Gangte vii. Guite viii. Hanneng ix. Haokip, Haopit x. Haolai
xi. Hengna xii. Hangsing xiii. Hrangkawal, Rangkhol xiv. Jongbe xv. Khawchung
xvi. Khawathlang, Khothanlong xvii. Khelma xviii. Kholhou xix. Kipgen xx. Kuki
xxi. Lenthang xxii. Lhangum xxiii. Lhoujem xxiv. Lhouvum xxv. Lupheng
xxvi. Mangjel xxvii. Misao xxviii. Riang xxix. Sairhem xxx. Selnam
xxxi. Singson xxxii. Sitlhou xxxiii. Sukte xxxiv. Thadou xxxv. Thangngeo
xxxvi. Uibuh xxxvii. Vaiphei
8. Lakher,
9. Man (Tai speaking),
10. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes.
11. Mikir,
12. Any Naga tribes,
13. Pawi,
14. Synteng Khotha,
15. Boro-Kacharies,
16. Koch,
17. Raba, Rava.
Tripura:
1. Bhil,
2. Bhutia,
3. Chaimal,
4. Chakma,
5. Garoo,
6. Halem,
7. Jamatia,
8. Khasi,
9. Kuki including the following sub-tribes:
i. Balte ii. Belalhut iii. Chhalaya iv. Fun v. Hajango
vi. Jangtei vii. Khareng viii. Khephong ix. Kuntei x. Laifang
xi. Lentei xii. Mizel xiii. Namte xiv. Paitu, Paite xv. Rangchan
xvi. Rangkhol xvii. Thangluya
10. Lepcha 11. Lushai 12. Mag 13. Munda, Kaur 14. Noatia 15. Orang 16. Riang 17. Santal 18. Tripura, Tripuri, त्रिप्पेरा
Mizoram:
1. Chakma,
2. Dimasa (Kachari),
3. Garo,
4. Hajong,
5. Hmar,
6. Khasi and Jaintia (Including Khasi Synten or Phar, War Bhoi or Lyngngam.
7. Any Kuki tribes including:-
i. Baite, Biete ii. Changsan iii. Chongloi iv. Doungel v. Gamlhou
vi. Gangte vii. Guite viii. Hanneng ix. Haokip, Haupit x. Haolai
xi. Hengna xii. Hangsing xiii. Hrangkawal, Rangkhol xiv. Jongbe xv. Khawchung
xvi. Khawathlang, Khothanlong xvii. Khelma xviii. Kholhou xix. Kipgen xx. Kuki
xxi. Lenthang xxii. Lhangum xxiii. Lhoujem xxiv. Lhouvum xxv. Lupheng
xxvi. Mangjel xxvii. Misao xxviii. Riang xxix. Sairhem xxx. Selnam
xxxi. Singson xxxii. Sitlhou xxxiii. Sukte xxxiv. Thadou xxxv. Thangngeo
xxxvi. Uibuh xxxvii. Vaiphei
8. Lakher,
9. Man (Tai speaking)
10. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes,
11. Mikir,
12. Any Naga tribes,
13. Pawi,
14. Synteng.
Nagaland:
Naga
Kuki
Kachari
Mikir
Garo
Manipur:
1. Aimol 2. Anal 3. Angami 4. Chiru 5. Chothe
6. Gangte 7. Hmar 8. Kabui 9. Kacha Naga 10. Koirao
11. Koireng 12. Kom 13. Lamgang 14. Mao 15. Maram
16. Maring 17. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes 18. Monsang 19. Moyon 20. Paite
21. Purum 22. Ralte 23. Sema 24. Simte 25. Suhte
26. Tangkhul 27. Thadou 28. Vaiphei 29. Zou 30. Poumai Naga
31. Kharam 32. Tarao 33. Any Kuki Tribes
Nei thahsem kit tau vin O thaneipen Pathen! (Ps. 80:7)
Dated : New Delhi.
The 10th December, 2008
May 28, 2008
O’ Churachandpur
By: Ninglun Hanghal
Quoting popular introduction, Churachandpur (sic) was the most peaceful district in Manipur, officially and acknowledged by the inhabitants and those from outside as well. Indeed it was true. At least 10-schedule tribe with various non-tribals resides in the district without any breaking news or ‘headlines’ to be reported on violence and killing or worst communal violence. But that was history now and fondly remembered by many, as ‘those were the days’.
In terms of development and growth the district was recorded to be more advance than the others specifically the district headquarter town. Sadly enough, life was fast and ‘modern’. The town was infamous for modern diseases like HIV / AIDs. Since post independence and beginning of the 70s, people have slowly underwent a process of change in terms of socio – economy. In the late 90s and ever since the clash of the ‘ethnic brothers’ in 1997, the town and its surroundings became the hot spot of communo – ethnic war zone. Along with, this decade also saw the emergences of political consciousness among the tribal groups in the district.
This political consciousness have originated basically from experiences of social exclusion and concept of nationalism / nation building brought in by education. This was further aggravated by the fear of losing control over resources, as community resources ownership was no longer possible in the modern governance system. For administrative conveniences and easy management of the ‘backward people’, tribals were classified into various ‘recognized tribes’ with nomenclatures on the basis of language, traditional dress etc. Thereby serving as tribal identity and the tribals too identify themselves based on these classifications. Subsequently as a tribal, the need to emphasized and protect ‘identity’ becomes so strong that it led to an extent of militarizing themselves to stand as a distinct tribal group.
Many have written and talked about Churachandpur limping back to normal and is picking up the pieces of the post ethnic violence. Yet, it is quite evident that the scare of the ethnic violence still remains and the after effect seems to breed more ‘conflict’. Whatever was there, both the social order and development paused ever after ‘97. The once upon a time happening town became still and lifeless. Five o’clock in the morning is too early, and five o’clock in the evening is late, and by 6 p.m the whole town is as silent as a graveyard. The only difference is that in a graveyard you can hear sounds of the souls, while in this town one can hear sounds of bullets amidst silences. Issues such as conflict and communal topics became too hot to be discussed (and if you dare touch, it burns you). At times the sounds of silence were too loud.
Rs 20 crore vanished in thin air with the recent decision of the government to withdraw the mini secretariat project due to the tussle among the public leaders over the location to set up the building. The project was drop but was diverted as the project money was already sanctioned (as per media report). Drop the project, was the best decision the Government could come up with, simple..!.and that was the conflict management strategy from the side of the authorities represented by public leaders, caretakers of secular democracy. In this particular decision the common mass will never come to know where it was diverted and for what other purpose the money has gone. It was always opined that conflict have always been propagated by the non-state actors, specifically in this part of the state, where communal violence was understood as an act of some underground activities. It is true to a certain level that the armed groups propagate communal tension. But here the interesting part is the tussle between the ‘community leaders’.
Some of the models of conflict resolutions or conflict management include use of police force or military forces, giving more autonomy to certain sections, negotiations with outfits in armed conflict areas and one of the most common in regions like North East India is through development packages.
The main reason, which the Government has provided in the case of the mini secretariat project, was the public leaders. Here the government and the civil society working on conflict could now add one more strategy that is resolution through leaders, say, “management of community leaders”. Another important aspect in tribal areas is the local governance system like the village council, of which many believed that issue such as conflict could very well be settled by the village council. But, of course provided village council still does exist today.
Quoting popular introduction, Churachandpur (sic) was the most peaceful district in Manipur, officially and acknowledged by the inhabitants and those from outside as well. Indeed it was true. At least 10-schedule tribe with various non-tribals resides in the district without any breaking news or ‘headlines’ to be reported on violence and killing or worst communal violence. But that was history now and fondly remembered by many, as ‘those were the days’.
In terms of development and growth the district was recorded to be more advance than the others specifically the district headquarter town. Sadly enough, life was fast and ‘modern’. The town was infamous for modern diseases like HIV / AIDs. Since post independence and beginning of the 70s, people have slowly underwent a process of change in terms of socio – economy. In the late 90s and ever since the clash of the ‘ethnic brothers’ in 1997, the town and its surroundings became the hot spot of communo – ethnic war zone. Along with, this decade also saw the emergences of political consciousness among the tribal groups in the district.
This political consciousness have originated basically from experiences of social exclusion and concept of nationalism / nation building brought in by education. This was further aggravated by the fear of losing control over resources, as community resources ownership was no longer possible in the modern governance system. For administrative conveniences and easy management of the ‘backward people’, tribals were classified into various ‘recognized tribes’ with nomenclatures on the basis of language, traditional dress etc. Thereby serving as tribal identity and the tribals too identify themselves based on these classifications. Subsequently as a tribal, the need to emphasized and protect ‘identity’ becomes so strong that it led to an extent of militarizing themselves to stand as a distinct tribal group.
Many have written and talked about Churachandpur limping back to normal and is picking up the pieces of the post ethnic violence. Yet, it is quite evident that the scare of the ethnic violence still remains and the after effect seems to breed more ‘conflict’. Whatever was there, both the social order and development paused ever after ‘97. The once upon a time happening town became still and lifeless. Five o’clock in the morning is too early, and five o’clock in the evening is late, and by 6 p.m the whole town is as silent as a graveyard. The only difference is that in a graveyard you can hear sounds of the souls, while in this town one can hear sounds of bullets amidst silences. Issues such as conflict and communal topics became too hot to be discussed (and if you dare touch, it burns you). At times the sounds of silence were too loud.
Rs 20 crore vanished in thin air with the recent decision of the government to withdraw the mini secretariat project due to the tussle among the public leaders over the location to set up the building. The project was drop but was diverted as the project money was already sanctioned (as per media report). Drop the project, was the best decision the Government could come up with, simple..!.and that was the conflict management strategy from the side of the authorities represented by public leaders, caretakers of secular democracy. In this particular decision the common mass will never come to know where it was diverted and for what other purpose the money has gone. It was always opined that conflict have always been propagated by the non-state actors, specifically in this part of the state, where communal violence was understood as an act of some underground activities. It is true to a certain level that the armed groups propagate communal tension. But here the interesting part is the tussle between the ‘community leaders’.
Some of the models of conflict resolutions or conflict management include use of police force or military forces, giving more autonomy to certain sections, negotiations with outfits in armed conflict areas and one of the most common in regions like North East India is through development packages.
The main reason, which the Government has provided in the case of the mini secretariat project, was the public leaders. Here the government and the civil society working on conflict could now add one more strategy that is resolution through leaders, say, “management of community leaders”. Another important aspect in tribal areas is the local governance system like the village council, of which many believed that issue such as conflict could very well be settled by the village council. But, of course provided village council still does exist today.
Mar 27, 2008
THE TIHAR EPISODE: A RETROSPECTION
Ch Happyprince (ch.happyprince@yahoo.com)
Gabriel Hill, Imphal
The 23rd of March 2008 is not just another Easter Sunday. It marked the the first anniversary of the Kuki Students' Organisation, Delhi-led Mega Rally in New Delhi's Parliament Street. The KSO,D with its various fraternal student bodies as SSPP, KZP, ZSP, HSA, SIPHRO, et al launched massive demonstration against the unlawful deportation of more than 400 Kuki civilians across the Myanmar border in the cruel hands of Meitei UG group UNLF in connivance with the Military junta. On that eventful rally, students numbering about one thousand participated. The event took its ugly turn leading to the arrest of 154 students after severely beaten, tear-gassed, baton-charged, some even hospitalized and finally lodged in the infamous Tihar Central Jail. They're released on bail after languishing five days behind bars.
How far is the case under which students were arrested? "Even after a year has passed on such historic day for the cause of the Kukis, the fate of 154 Kuki students is yet to be known whenever the court summon for hearing their cases" lamented Lamtinthang Haokip, Gen.Secy., KSO Delhi. "The Kuki students seek possible helps from different Kuki leaders...but where are they...who cares...who truly cares for the Kuki society? Where are MLAs and Ministers to donate the least we plead for help?" he continued. Do we think that the innocent student protesters as the real terrorists as one of our politician has branded them?
If this is the way we react to our children's plight who fought for the cause of our people, do we expect that students will take part in any demonstration in the days to come? Don't we ever think of our children with whom our future lies? What about their careers? Ours is a society abound with perpetual socio-political problems. Nobody can guarantee that no misfortunes will will befall our nation again.
Why the deportation of innocent civilians? Why such an insecurity in our own land? The answers to these questions gives me a headache. Where the hell were our 'brave soldiers' when they're in need? While our fingers were fast and furious to pull the trigger that aimed/aims our own, our civilians, for whom we sacrificed to defend fell prey to Meitei UGs.
Just have a glance over the year since the Tihar episode. Within two months later happened what came to be known as 'Moreh incident'. The following months brought the news of the cold-blooded murder of Mr. Letkholun Hanghal, C-in-C of KLA in Thoubal district. Whose hand? None other than his own subordinates. Weeks that followed the saw the breaking-up of KLA into two factions. It ended up with the slain of Mr. Thunder who claimed the next supremo after his military coup. The group saw another black day when 7 of its cadres were mercilessly gunned down by the NSCN(IM) in Ukhrul district.
Nothing of that sort happened in Sahar Hills? Why not. There were frequent confrontation of KNA and KNF cadres in Saitu-Gamphajol area. None can tell who was right and who wrong or whom to blame and whom not to. Allegations and counter-allegations lead us nowhere. But one thing is true. It's an unnecessary bloodshed leading to the lost of many lives on both side.
Is that all? Nay. There's the bludgeoning of ROCK/KRA Chief Mr. Khuplam Hangshing to death in the national Capital. Delhi Police investigations revealed the handiwork of Meitei UG outfit UNLF yet again over 'money dispute'. As a consequent, as suspected , led to the birth of KRA(Unification/ United). What follows has another tale to tell. Subsequent incidents spill the beans. The gunning down of four men known to the public as social worker/village chiefs in Saikul sub-division and allegations made by the perpetrators speak volumes--another fratricidal episode having the potential to loosen the blood ties. An addendum to the internal homicidal diary book!
Any bright side? I don't know whether bright or to-be-bright. But there's a bit different story. Kuki Revolutionaries, in inspite of all these odds are heard to have the Suspension of Operation with the Indian Army. Says Mr. SH Seipu, Advisor to KNF President, "Fifteen Kuki military groups unanimously form a single body christened United Forum of the KNO and UPF to represent Kukis in the talks with Indian Army. This is our main achievement thus far". "Each time we held talks with the Indian Army, Rev. Dr. Hawlngam Haokip invoked Heaven's blessing" added Mr Seipu. On the question of Ceasefire, the Advisor is quick to respond. "Home Ministry is ready and a committee called People Consultative Committee for Peace is formed for the purpose. It has rekindled the hope of our long cherished dream--Kukiland. Doesn't it?
What is going on that added to our restlessness is the demand for inauguration of Sadar Hills as a full-fledged revenue district. The move for it has began since the early 1970s. The successive Govts. have been using the issue as a ploy to gain power. Earlier it was the gonna-be CMs and MLAs' vote bank. But now the issue seems fading even as election propaganda. Each time the issue is raised in the 60-seat packed Assembly, the best answer that the incumbent Congress CM O.Ibobi Singh gave is that 'it is yet to be implemented' , 'there's no such agenda as of now'. Frequent bandhs and strikes bear no visible fruit. To this day all we could observe and comment is that the day is still not near.
These are some of the major events which befell our society the year that just passed by. There may be another incidents inflicting us, I believe, worth mentioning. I'm raising these points not because we are not aware of it. My intention is not to judge any particular group or organisation as right or wrong, nor is it to blame anyone for the misfortunes. The only reason why I bring these to the fore is for a sensible person like you and I to retrospect and introspect. One wonders on which path are we trudging and in which direction. What is the way out here? What lies ahead of us in which we have little control? Who will initiate the move for better future? Knock, knock knocking on Heaven's door? I left these to the readers.
Mar 25, 2008
An urgent need for the Kuki Society
By : Ngamjahao Kipgen
For the nation to move on and in achieving its desirable goals, there are few things to look on – which is imperative and prerequisite in the context of the Kukis. To begin with, as the philosopher A.C. Grayling points out, “Freedom of Speech is the fundamental freedom. Without it you can’t have any others.
There would be no due process of law because you couldn’t defend yourself; no democracy because you couldn’t argue your case; no assertion of your rights because you wouldn’t be able to explain why those rights are being threatened. All our freedoms balance on this pinpoint.”
In this piece of writing, the writer intends to highlight few important issues which are deemed essential. Without going in deep details about the theory and meanings of free speech, and by simply taking the above viewpoint into consideration, the core issue of the Kukis can be highlighted into bringing a solution.
Whether we are fighting for a separate ‘Kuki homeland/ Kukiland’ or in establishing a ‘Zalengam’; over the last decades, we have arrived almost subliminally and without any real debate - on various issues involving the Kuki interest. Now, our concern here is not to discuss the Kuki interest, but to visualize the debates so far concerning the Kukis.
Skeptics sometimes would say that we make too much of free speech. True, some of us love to do and are constantly engaged in writing or expressing whatever strikes our big head. We should also not forget the fact that 'not every subject is everyone’s business.' Also, too much cook spoils the food. I guess we all are good armchair critics.
How many of us do really stand up for ‘free speech’ and for that matter with a right cause? And how many of us engage ourselves in a constructive judgmental debate? I believe very few of us (in fact none). Should we blame ourselves for this? Is it because we are not provided a platform to do so?
We do have many educated and rational thinkers even within the Kuki society; do they really care or dream of the Kuki nation marching ahead? We do have a dream; we do construct an ideal for the future development and betterment of the Kukis. However, eventually all these are shattered and remain a utopia.
Let it be a reminder to all sane Kuki individuals that freedom of expression is integral to tolerance, which is also a basic value in society. This principle involves a special act of carving out an area of socio-political dialogue or interaction for extraordinary and matters concerning the society.
The purpose of which is to develop and demonstrate a capacity to control feelings evoked by others through their expressions and insights. I felt that the freedom of expression principle should be left with the concern of nothing less than helping to shape the intellectual character of the society.
Many of us are in constant fear, in expressing what is desirable – our wisdom, skills and ideas are buried under the carpet, because we are scared of offending other individuals or groups. Even when an individual come up with a constructive ideas, either he is discouraged or threatened to stop thinking so! Often we are more interested in knowing who the person is (his background or to which clan he belongs) rather than seeing or observing what rational opinion or insight the person has.
Even much before knowing or understanding what someone really says or speaks, we bluntly disagree and consider him negatively. I feel that unless a society is open and constructive enough, there is no scope for progress. Mention may be made that there are instances of some local mouthpiece or magazines being banned for it hurt the sentiments or speak against the interest of a particular group or individuals.
Should we be more concern of not hurting a small section and distort all our thinking at the cost of the whole Kuki community. I think this is where we fail, and we ought to rectify this blunder or mistakes. Then only can we achieve what we wish and struggle for.
If this continues, then this makes no logical sense at all. I have never been able to understand why people and some group are avid defenders of free speech. Unless we stop living and thinking in a cocoon, the wind of change will never breeze on us. Hence, the rays of victory will remain a cloud.
Rather than engaging ourselves in a blame-game theory, it is better to jaw-jaw and have a meaningful dialogue on every issue and matters relating to the Kukis. The continuing debate in the kuki Forum network is a good beginning, yet it needs to go further - beyond a mere mudslinging/backstabbing or personal vendetta.
It is not for us to reminisce with past mistake, but to look forward and march on. We should always bear in our rational mind that ‘one monkey must not stop the show.’ We can no longer act as a blind or mute spectator, for the fruits of our mistakes now would be reaped by our own children in the days to come.
It is undenying fact that we are a nation already in chaos and turmoil - the steps ahead is to submerge ourselves in quagmire. How long can we remain in a deep slumber, it’s a clarion call and high time that we all act. Let us all stand up for a free speech and expression, then only ‘freedom’ will be ours!
(The writer is a Ph.D. student of Humanities and Social Sciences at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. His area of research is on Land, Cultural Identity and Nationalism.)
For the nation to move on and in achieving its desirable goals, there are few things to look on – which is imperative and prerequisite in the context of the Kukis. To begin with, as the philosopher A.C. Grayling points out, “Freedom of Speech is the fundamental freedom. Without it you can’t have any others.
There would be no due process of law because you couldn’t defend yourself; no democracy because you couldn’t argue your case; no assertion of your rights because you wouldn’t be able to explain why those rights are being threatened. All our freedoms balance on this pinpoint.”
In this piece of writing, the writer intends to highlight few important issues which are deemed essential. Without going in deep details about the theory and meanings of free speech, and by simply taking the above viewpoint into consideration, the core issue of the Kukis can be highlighted into bringing a solution.
Whether we are fighting for a separate ‘Kuki homeland/ Kukiland’ or in establishing a ‘Zalengam’; over the last decades, we have arrived almost subliminally and without any real debate - on various issues involving the Kuki interest. Now, our concern here is not to discuss the Kuki interest, but to visualize the debates so far concerning the Kukis.
Skeptics sometimes would say that we make too much of free speech. True, some of us love to do and are constantly engaged in writing or expressing whatever strikes our big head. We should also not forget the fact that 'not every subject is everyone’s business.' Also, too much cook spoils the food. I guess we all are good armchair critics.
How many of us do really stand up for ‘free speech’ and for that matter with a right cause? And how many of us engage ourselves in a constructive judgmental debate? I believe very few of us (in fact none). Should we blame ourselves for this? Is it because we are not provided a platform to do so?
We do have many educated and rational thinkers even within the Kuki society; do they really care or dream of the Kuki nation marching ahead? We do have a dream; we do construct an ideal for the future development and betterment of the Kukis. However, eventually all these are shattered and remain a utopia.
Let it be a reminder to all sane Kuki individuals that freedom of expression is integral to tolerance, which is also a basic value in society. This principle involves a special act of carving out an area of socio-political dialogue or interaction for extraordinary and matters concerning the society.
The purpose of which is to develop and demonstrate a capacity to control feelings evoked by others through their expressions and insights. I felt that the freedom of expression principle should be left with the concern of nothing less than helping to shape the intellectual character of the society.
Many of us are in constant fear, in expressing what is desirable – our wisdom, skills and ideas are buried under the carpet, because we are scared of offending other individuals or groups. Even when an individual come up with a constructive ideas, either he is discouraged or threatened to stop thinking so! Often we are more interested in knowing who the person is (his background or to which clan he belongs) rather than seeing or observing what rational opinion or insight the person has.
Even much before knowing or understanding what someone really says or speaks, we bluntly disagree and consider him negatively. I feel that unless a society is open and constructive enough, there is no scope for progress. Mention may be made that there are instances of some local mouthpiece or magazines being banned for it hurt the sentiments or speak against the interest of a particular group or individuals.
Should we be more concern of not hurting a small section and distort all our thinking at the cost of the whole Kuki community. I think this is where we fail, and we ought to rectify this blunder or mistakes. Then only can we achieve what we wish and struggle for.
If this continues, then this makes no logical sense at all. I have never been able to understand why people and some group are avid defenders of free speech. Unless we stop living and thinking in a cocoon, the wind of change will never breeze on us. Hence, the rays of victory will remain a cloud.
Rather than engaging ourselves in a blame-game theory, it is better to jaw-jaw and have a meaningful dialogue on every issue and matters relating to the Kukis. The continuing debate in the kuki Forum network is a good beginning, yet it needs to go further - beyond a mere mudslinging/backstabbing or personal vendetta.
It is not for us to reminisce with past mistake, but to look forward and march on. We should always bear in our rational mind that ‘one monkey must not stop the show.’ We can no longer act as a blind or mute spectator, for the fruits of our mistakes now would be reaped by our own children in the days to come.
It is undenying fact that we are a nation already in chaos and turmoil - the steps ahead is to submerge ourselves in quagmire. How long can we remain in a deep slumber, it’s a clarion call and high time that we all act. Let us all stand up for a free speech and expression, then only ‘freedom’ will be ours!
(The writer is a Ph.D. student of Humanities and Social Sciences at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. His area of research is on Land, Cultural Identity and Nationalism.)
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"KATHANG"E KATHANG"E KANAM"
Count Down Timer
TRADITION ECHOES
KS0(S) Cultural Troupe
New way of Greeting:It happen only in Manipur
THE KSOD MEGA RALLY
JUSTICE DELAY IS JUSTICE DENNIED
A KUKI COUPLE IN THE 18TH CENTURY
NAMPI KINEPNA K.S.O
Grand reception of detained Kuki students at JNU for more than 72 hrs at Tihar Jail. the national capital by Delhi Police.The students were holding a peacefull rally against the arrest of 400 kukis by UNLF near Indo-burma border
SIMSAHEI PAHNA ZOUGAM NOM
AW! PENNA THINGLHANG GAMNOUM
HAVE MERCY ON US! O MOTHER INDIA!!
UNITY IN DIVERSITY
ARE WE THE LOST TRIBE OF ISREAL??
The Kuki National Flag with a David Star
KUKI ARMED MOVEMENT
"result of india's ignorance for acknowledging the Kuki indigeneous space"
KUKI BEAUTY ON THE RAMP
Miss Kut
HEAR OUR CRIES !!!! MR.SMS! (SARDAR MANMOHAN SINGH)
The KSOD COFFIN RALLY
DO INDIA LOVE COMMUNALISM???
Injured Kuki students at RML hospital,brutually lathicharged by Delhi Poice
A NEW HOPE, A NEW DREAM FOR THE KUKIS
WE WANT REFERENDUM!!!!!!!!
MARCHING TO THE CALL OF NATION
MOL LE LHANG SANG JONG NAMPI THUPEH JUI LOU THEI KAHI POUVE
DO THE KUKIS HAVE FAITH ON THE INDIAN DEMOCRACY?
WE WANT JUSTICE AT ANY COST
YOUTH OF THE NATION
